Nikolai Platonowitsch Ogaryov
Nikolay Ogarev ( Russian Николай Платонович Огарёв ; born November 24, jul. / 6. December 1813 greg. In Saint Petersburg , † May 31 jul. / 12. June 1877 greg. In London ) was a Russian socialist , journalist and poet . In exile he was the editor of the opposition newspaper Kolokol (Eng .: The Bell), which was widely distributed in Russia, together with Alexander Iwanowitsch Herzen .
Life
Nikolai Ogaryov became friends with Alexander Herzen already in his childhood . In his youth he was active in the student movement at Moscow University . In 1834 he was arrested and deported to the Penza governorate . When he returned to Moscow , he came into contact with Mikhail Bakunin , WG Belinsky and other members of the Stankevich circle. In 1840 he fled to Berlin and attended Berlin University there . 6 years later he returned to Russia. He was arrested a second time in 1850 but released shortly afterwards and decided to emigrate to Great Britain at the age of 43 . He settled in London and participated with hearts in the publication of the weekly newspaper Kolokol (Eng .: The Bell) and the literary and socio-political anthologies Polarstern . Both publications were illegally distributed in Russia and were among the most important press products of the Russian opposition.
During this time he developed a program for the liberation of the Russian serfs through a peasant uprising and propagated the idea of Russian socialism , which came very close to the ideas of the Narodniki . Ogarjow was a co-founder of Zemlya i wolja (German: Land and Freedom ), a conspiratorial revolutionary society that only existed for a short time. It was founded in 1876 by MA Natanson. The program contained more social than political demands: all land for the peasants, self-determination for all parts of the Russian empire, handing over the functions of self-administration to the peasant community. GW Plekhanov was one of their supporters first; only the party congress of June 24, 1879 led to the break.
Ogaryov later took part in the propaganda campaigns of Bakunin and Sergei Nechayev . In 1865 he moved to Geneva and participated in the Geneva section of the International Workers' Association . In 1873 he moved back to London and died there at the age of 63.
On May 7, 1970, the State Mordovian University in Saransk was named after Ogaryov and a museum was opened in his honor.
On June 20, 1997, the asteroid (5158) Ogarev was named after him.
literature
- Arthur Lehning (ed.): Michail Bakunin's socio-political correspondence with Alexander I. Hearts and Ogarjow . Kramer, Berlin 1977, ISBN 3-87956-083-8 (reprinted from the Stuttgart 1895 edition).
Web links
- Biography of Ogaryov (eng.)
- Website of the Ogaryov Museum in Saransk ( Memento from April 17, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) with biography and many pictures (ru.)
Individual evidence
- ^ Leonard Schapiro: The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. S. Fischer Verlag 1962. (English: The Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Eyre & Spottiswoode: London.) P. 17.
- ^ Leonard Schapiro: The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. S. Fischer Verlag 1962. (English: The Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Eyre & Spottiswoode: London.) S. 18ff.
- ↑ Minor Planet Circ. 30096
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Ogaryov, Nikolai Platonowitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Огарёв, Николай Платонович; Ogarew, Nikolai Platonowitsch; Ogareff, Nikolai Platonowitsch |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian revolutionary and publicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 6, 1813 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | St. Petersburg |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 12, 1877 |
| Place of death | London |