Nicholas chapel and stone house

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Neue Straße 102: Nikolauskapelle
Stone house as part of the Ochsenhauser Hof, next to it the Nikolauskapelle

Nikolauskapelle and Steinhaus at Neuen Straße 102, formerly Schelergasse 11, are the oldest surviving buildings in Ulm . At least parts of the building fabric date from the Romanesque era, the Staufer period.

History to the point of profanation

The area of ​​today's Grüner Hof was formed in the 12th and 13th centuries. Century with a collection of monastic nursing yards probably a kind of counterpoint to the Palatinate on the Weinhof in the west of the Staufer city of Ulm. At the beginning of the 13th century, an imperial notary named Marquard had a representative stone house with a chapel attached to the east, the Nikolauskapelle, built in the district shaped by the Reichenau monastery .

In 1222 Marquard transferred his property to the Salem Monastery , from which the stone house and the chapel were transferred to Reichenau Monastery in 1246 . The Nikolauskapelle underwent the first major change with the demolition of the Romanesque apse. The new choir was rectangular in plan; it was vaulted and had a narrow door in the east wall, the pointed arch of which was closed with tracery. The nave of the chapel was decorated with murals. The completion of the renovation work was a new altar consecration in 1383.

Fifty years later, in 1446, the Bodensee monastery, which had got into economic hardship, had to cede all of its rights in Ulm in favor of the city hospital to the mayor and the city council, for which it received 26,000 guilders.

The imperial city did not remain in the possession of the Nikolauskapelle for a long time. As early as 1480 it was in the hands of the Ochsenhausen monastery . This monastery now became the third creative force in the area of ​​the Nikolauskapelle. By the end of the 15th century, Ochsenhausen bought a number of houses and redesigned the entire area there to build their own monastery courtyard. At the end of the 15th century, this representative complex was completed south of the Nikolauskapelle.

As part of the construction work that began in 1497, the Romanesque nave of the Nikolauskapelle was redesigned. It got a rib vault and probably a completely new interior. As early as 1499, the renovation was completed so that the chapel could be re-consecrated. This was the last church building work in the Nikolauskapelle.

From profanation to today

In 1530 the citizens of Ulm decided to accept the Reformation . A year later it was ordered to close all churches in and in front of the city, to remove the pictures and altars from them and to demolish all places of worship in front of the city. The Nikolauskapelle was not converted into a residential building because the abbot of Ochsenhausen was ready in 1533 to buy the confiscated church from the council of the imperial city again. The condition was that the abbot was not allowed to use the chapel again for church purposes. After over three hundred years of liturgical use, initially on behalf of the client, the cleric Marquard, then through the Salem and Reichenau monasteries, through the imperial city of Ulm and finally through the Ochsenhausen monastery, the Nikolauskapelle had become a secular building.

However, with the purchase of 1533, Ochsenhausen had not acquired all of the ownership rights to the chapel. The rights of use remained shared between the city and the Reichsstift Ochsenhausen. In order to avoid further disputes about the rights of use, the Ochsenhausen Abbey finally sold its farm in Ulm with all rights, including the right to joint ownership of the Nikolauskapelle and the Marquard stone house, to the imperial city for 7200 guilders. For four centuries the church interior had only served as a shed, coal container and storage place for junk. In the end it became a private home.

Evaluation as a cultural monument

Extensive renovation measures at the Nikolauskapelle on the Grüner Hof in Ulm prompted the Tübingen State Monuments Office to carry out an archaeological investigation in the summer of 1978 with the aim of clarifying the architectural history of the oldest preserved sacred building in the former imperial city. The results of the excavations in the chapel area as well as the overview of written sources make it clear that the stone house as well as the Nikolauskapelle must be counted among the outstanding architectural monuments of Ulm from the Staufer period and the late Middle Ages up to the time of the Reformation. As a testimony to the will of a Staufer Reich official to build in an urban environment, the building complex is unique in southwest Germany. In addition, the stone house can be regarded as an almost equally rare example of a Romanesque residential building in an Upper German city.

The stone house and the Nikolauskapelle are registered as protected monuments on the list of cultural monuments in downtown Ulm .

Todays use

The Nikolauskapelle, which was badly damaged by bombs in World War II, was in ruins for a long time until it was thoroughly renovated from 1978 to 1980 and given a new use. Nowadays these rooms can be rented for events.

In 1984, the city of Ulm by the organization was Europa Nostra for the outstanding renovation and restoration of the "assembly Gindele" - consisting of St. Nicholas Chapel, stone house, "Gindele" -Bau - with the Europa Nostra prize awarded. The medal was placed on the north facade of the chapel.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The barons of Ulm. A noble family in Swabia and in Breisgau between Reich, Front Austria and Reichskirche. Special exhibition of the Vorderösterreich-Museum in the Üsenberger Hof in the community center of the town of Endingen from March 28th to May 19th, 1997. Compiled by Franz Quarthal, Endingen 1997.
  2. ^ E. Schmidt, B. Scholkmann: The Nikolauskapelle on the Green Court in Ulm. Results of an archaeological investigation. With contributions from St. Kummer and Ms. Quarthai. In: Research and reports on the archeology of the Middle Ages in Baden-Württemberg. Volume 7, 1981, pp. 303-370.
  3. ^ E. Schmidt, B. Scholkmann: The Nikolauskapelle on the Green Court in Ulm. Results of an archaeological investigation. With contributions from St. Kummer and Ms. Quarthai. In: Research and reports on the archeology of the Middle Ages in Baden-Württemberg. Volume 7, 1981, pp. 303-370.
  4. Winner of the Europa Nostra Prize 1984 ( Memento of the original from April 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , europanostra.at, accessed on April 8, 2016 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.europanostra.at

literature

  • E. Schmidt, B. Scholkmann: The Nikolauskapelle on the green yard in Ulm. Results of an archaeological investigation. With contributions from St. Kummer and Ms. Quarthai. In: Research and reports on the archeology of the Middle Ages in Baden-Württemberg. Volume 7, 1981, pp. 303-370.
  • Thomas Vogel: Art and cultural monuments in the Alb-Danube district and in Ulm. ISBN 3-8062-1901-X , p. 86.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of German Art Monuments: Baden-Württemberg II. ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , p. 780.
  • Building no. 318. In: Erwin Zint: Accounting for historical buildings in Ulm. 1993, p. 300.
  • The barons of Ulm. A noble family in Swabia and in Breisgau between Reich, Front Austria and Reichskirche. Special exhibition of the Vorderösterreich-Museum in the Üsenberger Hof in the community center of the town of Endingen from March 28, 1997 to May 19, 1997. Compiled by Franz Quarthal. Endingen 1997.

Web links

Commons : Nikolauskapelle (Ulm)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Franz Quarthal: 5. The stone house and the Nikolauskapelle of the imperial notary Marquards in the historical tradition . In: State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in the Stuttgart Regional Council (ed.): Research and reports on the archeology of the Middle Ages in Baden-Württemberg . tape 7 . Theiss, 1981, p. 357–369 ( online PDF [accessed February 29, 2016]).

Coordinates: 48 ° 23 ′ 50.4 "  N , 9 ° 59 ′ 46.7"  E