Norbert Kugler

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Rue Norbert Kugler, Vénissieux

Norbert Kugler (born April 10, 1906 in Schongau ; died May 4, 1982 in Berlin ) was a German communist activist and founder and military commander of the Carmagnole Liberté battalion . In Vénissieux in Lyon a street is named after him.

Life

Norbert Kugler was born into a Jewish family in Upper Bavaria. The father Moritz Kugler (born July 27, 1861 in Németkeresztúr; died August 10, 1942) and the mother Rosa born. Blumenstein (born August 15, 1866 in Gunzenhausen; died July 21, 1942) were deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto in 1942 and died there that same year.

As an activist in left-wing organizations, he fled Germany shortly after Hitler came to power and joined his brother Joseph Kugler, who was active in the Resistance in Toulouse. In autumn 1936 he joined the international brigades and fought in the Thälmann battalion of the 11th brigade. At the end of 1938 he returned to Toulouse and met his wife. Mira Kugler (born in 1914 as Mira Broner) left her hometown Lodz in 1936 and joined the International Brigades as a nurse. In 1939 Kugler was arrested and interned in various camps in the southwest and in Normandy. Liberated before the arrival of the Germans, he resumed his illegal work in Toulouse. In 1941 he was arrested again and interned in the Récébédou camp, from which he fled. Under the pseudonym "Albert" he became a military member of the French partisans in Lyon, the Carmagnole branch, before taking command of the H14 region formed by the Rhône and Istroes. When General Ljubomir Ilić (1905-1991) was called to Paris in the spring of 1944, Kugler took over this position at the head of the entire FTP-MOI in the southern zone. He received the rank of Lieutenant Colonel FFI.

From 1944 Kugler worked for the Yugoslav intelligence service and stayed in Belgrade in 1945 . He returned to Schongau in July 1945 and worked in West Germany from 1945 to 49 as an intelligence service for the KPD / SED (under the code names “Otto” or “Albert Bauer”) and for the Yugoslav intelligence service. After the break between Tito and Stalin , he stopped working for the Yugoslav service and moved to the Soviet occupation zone in June 1949 .

On December 27, 1951, he was expelled from the SED for intelligence work for the Yugoslav secret service. In 1956 he refused to join the SED, but rejoined in 1967.

In the GDR, Kugler was initially director of the textile department of German foreign trade. In 1952/53 he worked as an entrepreneur in West Berlin, after which he carried out various activities in the GDR (as a tether, clerk at VEB Transformatorenwerk in Berlin, salesman at VEB Herrenmode, sales manager at VEB Treffmodelle). In 1969 he retired.

Honors

In 1956 he received the Hans Beimler Medal of the GDR for fighting in the international brigades during the Spanish civil war .

In 1979 he received the honorary citizenship of the city of Villeurbanne , in Vénissieux a street is named after Norbert Kugler.

literature

  • Karlheinz Pech: On the side of the Resistance. Berlin 1974
  • Michael Uhl: The Myth of Spain The Legacy of the International Brigades in the GDR, JHW ​​Dietz, Berlin 2004, ISBN 978-3-8012-5031-7 .
  • Helmut Müller-Enbergs, Jan Wielgohs, Dieter Hoffmann, Andreas Herbst, Ingrid Kirschey-Feix: Who was who in the GDR? , A Lexicon of East German Biographies, Ch. Links 1992, ISBN 978-3-86153-561-4 .
  • Ingrid Strobl; The fear only came afterwards: Jewish women in the resistance 1939-1945. S. Fischer Verlag 2016, ISBN 3-1049-0243-7 .
  • Hans Erler (ed.), Ernst Ludwig Ehrlich: Against all futility: Jewish resistance against National Socialism. Campus 2003, ISBN 3-5933-7362-9 .
  • Ulla Plener: Women from Germany in the French Resistance: a documentary. Edition Bodoni 2006, ISBN 3-929-3-9090-6 .
  • Robert Gildea: Fighters in the Shadows: A New History of the French Resistance. Harvard University Press 2015, ISBN 0-6742-8610-3 , pp. 234-237.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Kugler, Norbert - kommunismusgeschichte.de. Retrieved August 20, 2020 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Kugler, Norbert | Federal foundation to come to terms with the SED dictatorship. Retrieved August 20, 2020 .
  3. ↑ KUGLER Norbert - Maitron. Retrieved August 20, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Jewish history in Schongau (Weilheim-Schongau district). Retrieved August 20, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Blumenstein, Josef - Jewish life Gunzenhausen. Retrieved August 20, 2020 .
  6. ↑ Elena Siegl: In Schongau the Jewish Kugler family should be remembered. merkur.de from January 20, 2020, accessed on August 21, 2020.
  7. ↑ Ulla Plener: Women from Germany in the French Resistance: a documentation. Edition Bodoni 2006, ISBN 3-929-3-9090-6 , pp. 280, 323.
  8. ↑ Ingrid Strobl; The fear only came afterwards: Jewish women in the resistance 1939-1945. S. Fischer Verlag 2016, ISBN 3-1049-0243-7 .
  9. ↑ K. Bartosek, R. Gallissot, D. Peschanski: De l'exil à la résistance. Réfugiés et immigrés d'Europe centrale en France, 1933-1945. Pp. 131-142.
  10. ↑ Hans Erler (ed.), Ernst Ludwig Ehrlich: Against all futility: Jewish resistance against National Socialism. Campus 2003, ISBN 3-5933-7362-9 , p. 312 ff.
  11. ↑ SGY 19 Biographical and documentary collection SGY 1.19 Federal Archives
personal data
SURNAME Kugler, Norbert
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German resistance fighter
DATE OF BIRTH April 10, 1906
PLACE OF BIRTH Schongau
DATE OF DEATH May 4th 1982
Place of death Berlin