Emergency and Disaster Pharmacy

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The emergency and disaster pharmaceutical is a branch of Pharmacy , which deals with ensuring the supply of medicines in exceptional layers ( major accidents or disasters employed). The tasks are varied and always dependent on the legal requirements of the respective countries.

definition

“The Emergency and Disaster Pharmacy ( KatPharm ) serves to ensure the best possible pharmaceutical supply for the population in the event of major incidents and disasters as well as in other exceptional situations. To this end, she develops concepts for pharmaceutical emergency management in public pharmacies and hospital pharmacies . "

“With all the specialist expertise of pharmacists, emergency and disaster pharmacy is fundamentally involved in providing emergency and disaster medical care in the event of mass casualties / patients, especially with concepts and quality standards for the supply of medical supplies

  • the rescue services and aid organizations,
  • civil protection,
  • at mass events,
  • in international aid operations,
  • for projects in development cooperation.

In order to fulfill these tasks, the pharmacist needs additional qualification for pharmaceutical emergency management. "

- German Society for Disaster Medicine eV

aims

Emergency and Disaster Pharmacy aims to integrate the pharmacist as an important link in civil protection in order to maintain the pharmaceutical supply as optimally as possible, even in exceptional situations.

The supply of the population with pharmaceuticals and medical products as well as disaster control must also be ensured as well as possible in the event of crises, disasters and epidemics - depending on the respective situation. In the event of massive incidents of damage, the pharmaceutical supply can also be significantly impaired. In particular, the critical infrastructures must be taken into account. Public pharmacies and hospital pharmacies will be affected in different ways by a mass influx of patients.

Basis and development in Germany

The mandate for the development of emergency and disaster pharmacy in Germany is given in Section 1 of the law on pharmacy: "It is the responsibility of pharmacies to ensure that the population is properly supplied with medicines in the public interest."

In Germany, the emergency supply of pharmaceuticals at the end of the Second World War was shaped by the events of the war. Temporary emergency pharmacies were repeatedly destroyed by constant air bombardments, so that at the end of the war the pharmacies were relocated to the basement rooms and bunkers. In 1944 the pharmacists were obliged to continue their profession even when there was an air alarm. The emergency pharmacies and bunker pharmacies largely ensured the supply of medicines at the end of the war and in the post-war period. It was not until the beginning of the 1950s that the supply of medicines returned to normal.

In the Federal Republic of Germany, after the Second World War, as part of the reconstruction of civil air defense in 1955, a federal government program was decided which, among other things, had the task of creating drug stocks. On October 9, 1957, the “First Law on Measures to Protect the Civilian Population” (ZBG) was passed, which contained authorizations for stockpiling drugs. In May 1960, the general administrative regulation on the scope and implementation of the drug stockpiling was published. The military pharmacy was increasingly integrated into the supply of the population in times of crisis within the framework of civil defense. In the GDR, supplying the population was the clear goal of military pharmacy, while in the Federal Republic of Germany civil pharmacy influenced military pharmacy.

In the course of the Cold War, a continuous expansion of pharmaceutical stocks was promoted in both German states. With the end of the Cold War, there was no longer any reason to continue to keep medicines centrally available for the population. In 1996, with specialist emergency and disaster medical advice from the German Society for Disaster Medicine eV (DGKM eV), pharmacists for clinical pharmacy compiled a manual on “Management of the hospital pharmacy in the event of major incidents and disasters” in order to be prepared for the new framework conditions.

In March 1997, with the dissolution of the medical supplies of the civil defense, a major cut took place in the supply of medicines to the population in an emergency. The material still stored in around 100 civil defense medical camps and auxiliary hospitals (medicines, bandages, furnishings and equipment and medical equipment) was given to over 140 countries as a humanitarian donation from the Federal Republic of Germany between 1991 and 2001. During the preparations for the Civil Protection Reorganization Act of 1997 and the abolition of the federal sanitary supplies for civil protection, pharmacists not only pointed out the nationwide deficit in medical and pharmaceutical emergency stocks; Since then, they have also been actively working on concepts for the “cooperative emergency stockpiling of medical supplies in civil protection” for the rescue service, disaster control and for hospitals, taking into account the available resources of drugs and medical products.

In June 2003, the ordinance on the approval of exceptions to the provisions of the Medicines Act for the areas of civil and disaster control, the armed forces, the federal border police and the riot police of the federal states opened up another possibility for supplying the population with medicines in the event of an emergency or disaster created. A request from the Bundestag in 2002 determined that the supply of antibiotics for the population was not sufficiently guaranteed.

In 2004, thought was given again to central storage of pharmaceuticals. These should be connected to hospital pharmacies in order to guarantee a continuous circulation of stocks and thus keep costs within a reasonable range.

In 2006, the Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Aid and DGKM eV started the Emergency and Disaster Pharmacy project with the aim of creating guidelines for emergency and disaster pharmacy, a curriculum for training and a pilot seminar for advanced training to be developed by pharmacists. The project was supported by the Protection Commission at the Federal Ministry of the Interior and accompanied by a scientific advisory board. In cooperation with around 50 experts as authors, editors and consultants, a two-volume textbook on Emergency and Disaster Pharmacy was created from the proposed guide, as the material to be conveyed went far beyond a guide. The project was accompanied by the central professional associations of pharmacists ( Bundesapothekerkammer / ABDA - Federal Association of German Pharmacists' Associations ).

The original project ended in December 2010; In doing so, a considerable need for action and research for further development and implementation was identified and combined with recommendations for corresponding follow-up projects.

In 2007 a cross-border crisis management exercise (Exercise) " LÜKEX " was carried out on the subject of an influenza pandemic. A project team “LÜKEX 2007 Pharmaceutical Emergency Management” was also involved, which developed and exercise scenarios in advance and incorporated and observed them during the exercise. For the further development of the “Emergency and Disaster Pharmacy” project, valuable information was obtained through the evaluation of the overall exercise. At LÜKEX 2009/10, exercise inserts for the supply of medical supplies in the event of a mass casualty as well as for the antidote treatment of radioactively contaminated patients were designed and implemented.

In 2008, the Protection Commission at the Federal Ministry of the Interior issued an opinion on public health protection in Germany. The statement is intended to serve the development and optimization of cross-border and cross-departmental framework concepts for hazard prevention as well as for medical and epidemic-hygienic management in the area of ​​civil protection. A variety of interface problems that require extensive involvement of pharmacists in emergency preparedness were listed under the point of implementation requirements.

international Developement

In an international context, the International Pharmaceutical Federation ( FIP ) in Brazil adopted a Declaration on Professional Standards in August 2006, which defines the role of pharmacists in crisis management, including human-induced or natural disasters and pandemics . Based on these international standards, the establishment and implementation of the pharmaceutical emergency management took place in Germany.

In August 2016, the International Pharmaceutical Federation ( FIP ) issued a guideline on the involvement of pharmacists in natural disasters. The guideline was drawn up by an international committee of experts. In addition to the theoretical basics for preparing for a natural disaster, practical tips for different types of natural disasters including an emergency medication list are given.

The European Commission has created the Health Security Committee a device, developed the single European standards for the safety of health care in exceptional situations. At the moment, however, there is still no identifiable line for drug stocks in Europe.

In Switzerland , the Federal Office for National Economic Supply (BWL), the therapeutic products division, ensures that there is an adequate supply of medicines in crisis situations. The current focus is on risk analysis and preparation for the scenarios pandemic, bio-terrorism and delivery failures. In 2017, the Competence Center for Military and Disaster Medicine founded a specialist center for emergency and disaster pharmacy. It is intended to offer a Swiss platform for education, research and exchange in this area.

In Austria , the Federal Act of March 2, 1983 on the Manufacture and Marketing of Medicinal Products (Medicines Act - AMG) included various regulations on the handling of medicinal products in the event of a disaster.

education

Emergency and disaster pharmacy has not yet been anchored in the training guidelines for pharmacists.

Since 2009 the Academy for Crisis Management, Emergency Planning and Civil Protection ( AKNZ ) has offered multi-day seminars for multipliers training. The aim of the seminars is to train pharmacists to become multipliers in the field of emergency and disaster pharmacy in order to sensitize pharmacists to this critical area and to train them for pharmaceutical emergency management within the framework of existing training courses (quality circles, pharmacists' meetings, advanced training events, etc.) .

Web links

literature

  • Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Aid and German Society for Disaster Medicine eV (Ed.): Emergency and Disaster Pharmacy. 1st edition, Bonn 2009 Volume 1 Civil Protection and Emergency Medical Care. ISBN 3-939347-18-3 ; Volume 2 Pharmaceutical Emergency Management. ISBN 3-939347-19-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Future paper of the Federal Association of German Hospital Pharmacists (ADKA) eV (PDF) 2006, drug therapy for patients in hospitals. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  2. Definition of emergency and disaster pharmacy as of 2013, interest group for emergency and disaster pharmacy. Accessed on November 5, 2013.
  3. Sven Seißelberg: Emergency and Disaster Pharmacy Poster Presentation (PDF) In: Pharmacies, Health Promotion and Health Sciences / Public Health. Results and documentation of the event from May 2009 as well as results of a survey of health scientists. LIGA.Fokus 7 p. 195ff. Retrieved October 1, 2013
  4. Public health protection at the BBK. ( Memento of the original from May 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 17, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bbk.bund.de
  5. ^ Sven Seißelberg: katastrophen-pharmazie.de Lecture 5th European Population and Disaster Protection Congress, Bonn 2009. Accessed November 5, 2013.
  6. Law on Pharmacy (Apothekengesetz - ApoG) [PDF].
  7. Dr. Caroline Schlick: Pharmaceutical supply in times of need In: Pharmazeutische Zeitung (archive). Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  8. General administrative regulation on the scope and implementation of the drug stockpiling ( Memento from September 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  9. a b Festschrift 50 years of the BBK. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
  10. Carsten Gerd Dirks, Fritz Krafft: Wehrpharmazie im Postwar-Deutschland In: Pharmazeutische Zeitung (archive). Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  11. Wolfgang Wagner: Pharmacy for emergencies and disasters Drug supply in the event of a disaster In: Civil Protection Research Volume 42; Annual meeting of the Protection Commission at the Federal Minister of the Interior 2007 page 129ff. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
  12. Prof. Bernd Domres: Recommendations for the stockpiling of drugs for disaster control with civil protection. In: Civil Defense Research. Volume 42; Annual meeting of the Protection Commission at the Federal Minister of the Interior 2007 p. 129 ff. Accessed November 5, 2013
  13. Wolfgang Wagner: Emergency stockpiling with drugs and medical products; What is required In: Association journal of the BApÖD 1/2010. Retrieved December 16, 2010
  14. ^ Ordinance of exceptions to the provisions of the Medicines Act
  15. Bundestag report on antibiotics stocks , 2002. Accessed May 20, 2015
  16. Archived copy ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. BBK website. Retrieved November 5, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bbk.bund.de
  17. Emergency and Disaster Pharmacy Project ; Retrieved November 11, 2013.
  18. Wolfgang Wagner: Lükex 2007, summary KatPharm. Retrieved November 11, 2013.
  19. Protection Commission at the Federal Ministry of the Interior: Health Civil Protection in Germany , accessed on May 20, 2015.
  20. International Pharmaceutical Federation, Fédération internationale pharmaceutique: FIP Statement on Professional Standards: The Role of the Pharmacist in Crisis Management, including Human-Made or Natural Disasters and Pandemics. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  21. ^ FIP Guideline - Responding to Disasters. (PDF) International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), accessed August 16, 2016 .
  22. Public Health website of the EU Commission. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  23. Monika Lerch: Suddenly everything was different  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Christophorus Magazin June 2007. Retrieved December 16, 2010.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.oeamtc.at  
  24. Internet site of the Federal Office for National Economic Supply, Medicines Division (Switzerland). ( Memento of the original from February 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 16, 2010 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bwl.admin.ch
  25. Federal Office for National Economic Supply: the population with antiviral drugs ( memento of the original from October 17, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Info magazine summer 2006. Retrieved May 20, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bwl.admin.ch
  26. ^ Nicolas Widmer, Laurence Schumacher, et al: Emergency and Disaster Pharmacy: New Swiss Center of Expertise . In: pharmaJournal . 155, No. 15, July 2017, pp. 14-17.
  27. Specialist center for emergency and disaster pharmacy . University of Geneva. September 11, 2019. Archived from the original on December 10, 2019. Retrieved on December 10, 2019.
  28. ^ Federal Act of March 2, 1983 on the Manufacture and Marketing of Medicinal Products (Medicines Act - AMG). Retrieved December 16, 2010
  29. ↑ Licensing Regulations for Pharmacists (AAppO) [PDF].