Nuʿaim ibn Hammād

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Nuʿaim ibn Hammād ibn Muʿāwiya al-Chuzāʿī al-Marwazī Arabic نعيم بن حماد بن معاوية الخزاعي المروزي, DMG Nuʿaim b. Ḥammād b. Muʿāwiya al-Ḫuzāʿī al-Marwazī (d. 844 - 845 ) from Marw ar-Rudh was a traditionalist in Iraq , later with Egypt . His nickname was al-Fārid / al-Faradīالفارض, الفرضي / al-Fāriḍ, al-Faraḍī , as he was well versed in the field of Islamic inheritance law (farāʾiḍ).

Life

His scientific activity as a collector of hadiths occurred before the first great canonical collections of tradition were drawn up . From him al-Buchari took over hadiths and processed them in his "Sahih". Nuʿaim ibn Hammād studied and taught first in Basra, then moved to Egypt, where he lived for forty years. In theological questions he followed Sunni teaching. A Spanish historian who studied with at-Tahāwī in Egypt reports about him: “There were two Korans for him. That which is on the tablet is the speech of God; but what people hold in their hands is created. "

The term "blackboard" is an allusion to the Koran passage:

"(21) No! It is a praiseworthy Koran (what is proclaimed here). (22) (in the original up in heaven?) On a well-kept tablet "

- Sura 85 , verses 21-22 : Translation: Rudi Paret

Consequently, during the mihna , he refused to confirm the composition of the Koran chalq al-Koran  /خلق القرآن / ḫalq al-Qurʾān and other teachings of the Muʿtazila and was therefore deported to Baghdad with other scholars from Egypt. He died in Samarra prison near Baghdad .

Works

A sheet from the Kitab al-Fitan. Chapter: “The arrival of Isa ibn Maryam and his career” (5th line from the bottom).

According to information from Islamic biographers, he is said to have written several works, including those on inheritance law, which are no longer preserved today. The criticism of the hadith is mostly negative about his credibility as a messenger of traditions. an-Nasāʾī even accused him of making hadiths. The most extensive biography was dedicated to him by al-Mizzī and adh-Dhahabī and summarized in it the controversial views of the hadith critics about him.

  • Kitāb al-fitan wal-malāhim  /كتاب الفتن والملاحم / Kitāb al-fitan wal-malāḥim  / 'The Book of Trials and Slaughter' is the only work that has survived and has appeared twice in print. The 1506 hadiths are eschatological and describe chiliastic expectations in Islamic history, the fall of the Arab dynasties, the return of ʿĪsā ibn Maryam and the Last Judgment . The Hanafi scholar Sharaf ad-Dīn Nasrallāh ibn ʿAbd al-Munʿim ibn Shuqair al-Hanafī at-Tanūchī (born 1207; died 1284) wrote a selection from it (Muḫtaṣar), with the omission of the Isnade given in the basic work ; a copy of this is in the Zahiriya Library of Damascus (today: Asad Library) on 115 folios.
  • Kitāb al-ʿibāra  /كتاب العبارة, a book about dream interpretations in three parts is mentioned by Andalusian biographers, which reached the Islamic West through Egyptian mediation.

Traditions on questions of ritual law in its tradition are preserved in the canonical collections of hadiths , in the commentary by Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr on the Muwatta ' , in at-Tahāwī , and in the Koran exegesis of at-Tabarī and Ibn Kathīr .

literature

  • Jorge Aguadé: Messianism at the time of the early Abbasids: the Kitâb al-Fitan of Nuʿaim Ibn Hammâd. Dissertation Tübingen 1979.
  • Josef van Ess: Theology and Society in the 2nd and 3rd Century Hijra. A History of Religious Thought in Early Islam. Vol. 2, pp. 723-726. Walter de Gruyter. Berlin, New York 1992.
  • F. Krenkow: "The Book of Strife (ie the Kitāb al-Fitan of Nuʿaym b. Ḥammād)" in Islamic Culture 3 (1929) 561-568.
  • Ch. Pellat: Art. "Nuʿaym b. Ḥammād" in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition Vol. VIII, pp. 87b-88a.
  • Fuat Sezgin: History of Arabic Literature . Brill, Leiden, 1967. Vol. 1, pp. 104-105
  • K. al-Fitan . Introduction to the Beirut edition, 1997. pp. 7-10.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Brill, Leiden, Vol. 6, p. 617
  2. ↑ Josef van Ess (1992), p. 725
  3. ^ Printed in Mecca, 1991 and in Beirut 1997
  4. ↑ According to the census in Edition Beirut 1997
  5. ^ Carl Brockelmann: History of the Arabic literature. Supplementary volume 2. p. 929. Brill, Leiden 1938; The number of foils (124 fol.) In Fuat Sezgin (1967), vol. 1, p. 105 must be corrected
  6. ↑ Jorge Aguade: b A copy of the Nu'aim. Ḥammād and its tradition in Spain. In: Navicula Tubingensis. Studia in honorem Antonii Tovar. Tubingen 1984
personal data
SURNAME Nuʿaim ibn Hammād
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Nuʿaim ibn Hammād ibn Muʿāwiya al-Chuzāʿī al-Marwazī
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Arab traditionarians
DATE OF BIRTH 8th century or 9th century
DATE OF DEATH 844 or 845
Place of death Samarra