al-Mizzī

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al-Mizzī Arabic المزي, يوسف بن الزكي عبد الرحمان بن يوسف الكلبي Yūsuf ibn az-Zakī ʿAbd ar-Rahmān ibn Yūsuf al-Kalbī , DMG Yūsuf b. az-Zakī ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān b. Yūsuf al-Kalbī , with the honorary title Jamāl ad-Dīnجمال الدين / Ǧamāl ad-Dīn , with the Kunya Abū ʾl-Hajjādschأبو الحجاج / Abū ʾl-Ḥaǧǧāǧ (born 1256 in Aleppo ; died 1341 in Damascus ) was an Islamic tradition and lawyer from the Shafiite school of law.

Life

His family, whose genealogy goes back to the Arab tribe of B. Kalb, who settled in the Damascus area, lived in al-Mizza, in one of the richest suburbs of Damascus. The family did not care about his education; Only at the age of 21 did he devote himself to the Islamic sciences, studying the Koran , Arabic grammar and, above all, the hadith studies . On his study trips he stayed among scholars in Homs , Jerusalem , Cairo , Alexandria , Mecca and Medina . In theological questions he was under the influence of his pupil at the same time as his teacher Ibn Taimiya (d. 1328). Because of his closeness to Ibn Taimiya and the spread of his doctrine, he was imprisoned for a short time on the orders of the Damascus Qadis .

In 1319 he was appointed head of the then most famous school of Hadith in Damascus, the Dār al-hadīṯ al-Asrafīya - founded by the Ayyubid al-Malik al-Ashraf Muzaffar ad-Dīn (ruled 1229-1237). He retained this office until his death. He also taught temporarily in the Hadith School of Homs and temporarily directed the Dār al-hadīṯ an-Nūrīya in Damascus. After a short illness he died of the plague ; he was buried in the Sufi cemetery. His best-known students were Adh-Dhahabī (d. 1348), Ibn Taimiya and Ibn Kathīr (d. 1373).

Works

  • Tahdhīb al-kamāl fī asmāʾ ar-ridschāl  /تهذيب الكمال في أسماء الرجال / Tahḏīb al-kamāl fī asmāʾ ar-riǧāl  / 'The extension of the complete about the names of the hadith narrators' is the most extensive biography of the narrators mentioned in the great hadith compendia . It is an expanded version of the biographical work of Al-Maqdisī (1146–1203) with 8045 entries in 250 manuscript volumes. The work is in print in 35 volumes. In addition to the necessary biographical information, the author compiles the lists of teachers and students of all traditionarians. In determining its value in the hadith literature, al-Mizzī relies on older writings of the hadith criticism, which today are not or only in fragments. He also gives a reference to contradicting ratings of the first traditional critics from the 9th and 10th centuries without commenting on them. After the extensive introduction of hadith-scientific content, the 70-page biography of Muhammad follows . According to the customs of Islamic biographers, learned women are named in the last volume (vol. 35, p. 123ff.).

Among the scholar biographies "kutub ar-ridschāl" كتب الرجال / kutub ar-riǧāl  / 'The books about the "men", d. i. about the hadith narrators', this work by al-Mizzī represents the climax of this literary genre, which has been expanded and updated several times by the subsequent generation. His disciple adh-Dhahabī wrote his Tadhhīb at-tahdhīb on this تذهيب التهذيب / Taḏhīb at-tahḏīb  / 'The gilding of the extension' and supplemented al-Mizzī's work with further biographical materials. Ibn Hajar al-ʿAsqalānī (d. 1449) wrote a short version of the work in twelve volumes.

  • Tuhfat al-aschrāf bi-maʿrifat al-atrāf تحفة الأشراف بمعرفة الأطراف / Tuḥfatu ʾl-ašrāf bi-maʿrifat al-aṭrāf  / 'Preciousness of venerable personalities through knowledge of the initial words of the hadith' is an isna-analytical work in thirteen printed volumes. The author lists the companions of the prophets who have passed on hadiths after Mohammed in alphabetical order and gives the names of their narrators - also alphabetically - in the following generations. In doing so, he relies on all the prophetic hadiths that appear in the six canonical collections and in other hadiths. He pays special attention to the "As-Sunan al-kubrā", which is no longer available today.السنن الكبرى / ِ As-Sunan al-kubrā  / 'The great Sunna work ' by an-Nasāʾī (d. 915), in the short version of which 11949 hadiths are handed down. This work was last published in print in 2006. The author does not refer to the wording of the hadiths, but only mentions their beginning ("ṭaraf, Pl. Aṭrāf"), in order to then present the ways of transmission of the same over three to four generations and to indicate the references with their variants in the canonical collections. This work is indispensable for the analysis of hadiths and their transmission in the first centuries of Islamic scholarship.

literature

  • Carl Brockelmann: History of Arabic Literature. Second edition adapted to the supplement volumes. Brill, Leiden 1949. Vol. 2, pp. 75-76
  • The Encyclopaedia of Islam . New Edition. Brill, suffering. Vol. 7, p. 212
  • al-Mizzī: Tahḏīb al-kamāl fī asmāʾ ar-riǧāl . Beirut 1983. Vol. 1, pp. 9–49 (introduction by Baššār ʿAwwād Maʿrūf )

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Yāqūt: K. Muʿǧam al-buldān. (Geographical Dictionary). Ed. Ferdinand Wüstenfeld. Leipzig 1866-1870. sn al-Mizza
  2. Ulrich Haarmann (Ed.) History of the Arab World. CH Beck, Munich 1987. p. 205; 206-207
  3. ^ Carl Brockelmann: History of the Arabic literature. Second edition adapted to the supplement volumes. Brill, Leiden 1943. Vol. 1, pp. 437-438
  4. Beirut 1983–1992
  5. ^ Carl Brockelmann: History of the Arabic literature . Supplement 1, p. 606. Brill, Leiden 1937
  6. Bombay 1965-1982
  7. ^ Fuat Sezgin: History of Arabic literature . Vol. 1, pp. 166-167. Brill, Leiden 1967
  8. 2229 pages in three volumes. Maktabat ar-Rušd. Riyadh 2006
  9. ^ The Encyclopaedia of Islam . New Edition. Brill, suffering. Vol. 7, p. 212