ʿAbd al-Ghanī al-Maqdisī

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ʿAbd al-Ghanī ibn ʿAbd al-Wāhid ibn Surūr al-Maqdisī ( Arabic عبد الغني بن عبد الواحد بن سرور المقدسي, DMG ʿAbd al-Ġanī b. ʿAbd al-Wāḥid b. Surūr al-Maqdisī ; born 1146 in Jammāʿīl, in a mountain village near Nablus ; d. 1203 in Cairo ) was an outstanding representative of the Hanbali and is considered the founder of the great biographies of the traditionist the canonical collections of traditions .

On his study trips lasting several years he frequented the circles of the most famous scholars of his time in Baghdad , Mosul , Damascus , Jerusalem , Alexandria and Cairo , where he died after teaching for several years. adh-Dhahabī (d. 1348) presents the curriculum vitae and scholarly activity of al-Maqdisī in his "Biography of distinguished great scholars" and lists the titles of his works, which were still known at the time, in a dedicated chapter on two pages ( Vol. 21, pp. 446-448). His most important teacher was as-Silafī in Alexandria, whom he visited several times and, according to adh-Dhahabī, recorded around one thousand notebooks ( juzʾ / ǧuzʾ ) in his circle . He spent the most important years of his education in Damascus, where his family played an important role in the development of Islamic scholarship after the city was taken by Nur ad-Din az-Zankī in 1154 and subsequently under the Ayyubids . He himself - but also other members of the al-Maqdisī family - is mentioned in numerous colophons as a participant in lectures in Damascus scholars. In the collected certificates he appears as a lecturing teacher, as a copyist and as a listener.

End of the third and last volume. Date of copy: Šawwāl 679 = January – February 1281

Works

al-Maqdisī is known primarily through his works, which are only partially preserved today, about the hadith and about his narrators. His most famous work in this field is his comprehensive biography of the narrators named in the six canonical collections of hadith in the Isnads . It is entitled:

  • al-Kamāl fī maʿrifat asmāʾ ar-ridschāl (الكمال في معرفة أسماء الرجال / al-Kamāl fī maʿrifat asmāʾ ar-riǧāl  / 'The Complete in Knowing the Names of the Narrators')

This work, of which several manuscripts exist but have not yet been published, was the basis for the thirty-five volume work by al-Mizzi (d. 1341), who corrected al-Maqdisī's statements and, above all, expanded them with further biographies of traditionalists, who as Narrators appear in the later collections of hadiths. Adh-Dhahabī then edited this extension of the complete under the title Gilding of the extension , shortened it and added the names of hitherto unnamed narrators of the hadith literature. Ahmad ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn Abī Chair al-Chazradschī (d. 1523) then wrote a three-volume summary ( Chulāsa ) of this last-named work, taking into account the further arrangements made by his predecessors. He also evaluated those hadith materials that the authors of the six canonical collections of traditions used in their other works.

Al-Maqdisī's work and its expansion or summary in the subsequent generations are the foundations of the hadith criticism , the literarily documented beginnings of which can be traced back to the 8th century.

  • ʿUmdat al-ahkām min kalām chair al-anām (عمدة الأحكام من كلام خير الأنام / ʿUmdat al-aḥkām min kalām ḫairi ʾl-anām  / 'The support of the regulations from the statements of the best of men' (i.e. Mohammed )) is a large-scale collection of legally relevant hadiths according to the Prophet, arranged according to the chapters of Islamic jurisprudence . A part of it, which only contains the most important traditions of the Prophet and his companions on pilgrimage ceremonies, was published in Beirut in 1987.
  • Mihnat al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal al-Shaibani (محنة الامام أحمد بن حنبل الشيباني / Miḥnat al-imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal aš-Shaibānī  / 'The Inquisition against Ahmad ibn Hanbal') summarizes the interrogation and punishment that Ahmad ibn Hanbal suffered at the time of the Mu'tazila over the question of whether the Koran was created (chalq al-Qurʾān) and whether man could see God on the day of resurrection.
  • ad-Durra al-muḍīʾa fī ʾs-sīra an-nabawiyya (الدرة المضيئة في السيرة النبوية / 'The shining pearl on the biography of the prophet') is a short version of the Sira of Muhammad. The last two works mentioned are only available in manuscripts and have not yet been printed.

literature

  • Carl Brockelmann : History of Arabic Literature. Second edition adapted to the supplement volumes. Brill, Leiden 1943. Vol. 1, pp. 437-438; First supplement volume. Brill, Leiden 1937. pp. 605-607
  • Ignaz Goldziher : Muhammadan Studies . Hall a. S. Vol. 2, p. 263
  • Yāqūt: Muʿǧam al-buldān. Vol. 2, pp. 159–160 (Dschammāʿīl)

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Yāqūt presents his vita briefly in Muʿǧam al-buldān (The Geographic Dictionary. Beirut 1956. Vol. 2. S. 159-160) and justifies his Nisba al-Maqdisī with the proximity of his place of birth to Jerusalem (Arabic: Bait al- Maqdis)
  2. ^ The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Vol. 9, page 607; Heinrich Schützinger: The Kitāb al-Muʿǧam of Abū Bakr al-Ismāʿīlī . Treatises for the customers of the Orient. Vol. XLIII, 3. Wiesbaden 1978. pp. 48-49
  3. ↑ A Dschuz' in this case is a booklet, notebook. See: Adam Gacek: The Arabic Manuscript Tradition. A Glossary of Technical Terms & Bibliography. Brill. Leiden 2001. p. 23
  4. ↑ Stefan Leder, Yāsin Muḥammad al-Sawwās, Maʿmūn al-Ṣāǧarǧī: Muʿǧam al-samāʿāt al-Dimašqiyya. Les certificats assessment à Damas. Institute Français de Damas. 1996. p. 20 (introduction)
  5. ↑ Stefan leather, Yasin Muhammad al-Sawwās, Ma'mun al-Ṣāǧarǧī (1996). Pp. 381-382
  6. ↑ For a description of the manuscripts preserved in Germany see: Wilhelm Ahlwardt : Directory of Arabic manuscripts in the Royal Library of Berlin . Berlin 1887–1889. No. 9925
  7. ↑ For a description of the manuscripts preserved in Germany see: Wilhelm Ahlwardt: Directory of Arabic manuscripts in the Royal Library of Berlin . Berlin 1887–1889. Hss. No. Sprenger 271-274. For further processing of the basic work see Carl Brockelmann (1937), p. 606
  8. ↑ Carl Brockelmann (1937), p. 606 the title ( Ḫulāṣat tahḏīb al-kamāl ) needs to be corrected. Last printed in Beirut 2001
  9. ↑ Ḫulāṣat taḏhīb al-kamāl . Vol. 1, pp. 5–6 (introduction by the author)
  10. ↑ Ignaz Goldziher (1890), pp. 141ff; 272ff; The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Brill. Suffer. Vol. 2. p. 462
  11. ↑ Published in Damascus 1984
  12. ↑ Ed. Maḥmūd al-Arnāʾūṭ. Dār Ibn Kaṯīr.
  13. ^ Carl Brockelmann (1943), p. 438
  14. ^ Carl Brockelmann (1943), p. 438
personal data
SURNAME Maqdisī, ʿAbd al-Ghanī al-
ALTERNATIVE NAMES ʿAbd al-Ghanīy ibn ʿAbd al-Wāhid ibn Surūr al-Maqdisī
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Representatives of the Hanbalites
DATE OF BIRTH 1146
PLACE OF BIRTH Jammāʿīl, mountain village near Nablus
DATE OF DEATH 1203
Place of death Cairo