Only Ahmad Jan Bughra

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Only Ahmad Jan Bughra.

Only Ahmad Jan Bughra ( Uighur نۇر ئەخمەتجان بۇغرا, traditionally نور احمد جان بغرا Only Ahmad Jan Bughra ; Chinese  努尔 · 阿 合 买 提 江 · 布格拉 , Pinyin Nǔ ěr · ā hé mǎi tí jiāng · Bù gé lā ; died April 16, 1934 ) was a Uyghur emir of the Islamic Republic of East Turkestan .

Only Ahmad Jan Bughra came from the rich Bughra family from Hotan . Together with his two older brothers Muhammad Amin Bughra and Abdullah Bughra , he had a rebellion among the workers of the gold mines of Surghak ( Keriya Uighur كېرىيە) and instigated along the Yurungkax and Karakax rivers and installed himself as an emir . On March 16, 1933, the brothers proclaimed independence from China. Together with other forces, they sought independence from China on the one hand and the Soviet Union on the other.

Together with his brothers and Tawfiq Bei, at the Battle of Kashgar (August 1933), he commanded the Uyghur and Kyrgyz troops who tried to take the new town of Kashgar. They were defeated by the Hui Chinese under General Ma Zhancang . The fighting lasted for almost six months. In January 1934, Ma Zhancang's forces repelled six attacks by Hoja Niyaz. During this time 2,000 to 8,000 civilians in Kashgar were murdered by the Tungans - in revenge for the Kizil massacre , which took place after the Uyghurs had withdrawn.

In the second battle of Kashgar , General Ma Fuyuan led Hui troops on February 6, 1934 by storming Kashgar. He attacked the Uyghur and Kyrgyz troops and liberated Ma Zhancang , who had been trapped since May 22, 1933. Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra was killed in this battle on April 16, 1934 near Yengisar . His entire force of 2,500 Uyghurs and Kyrgyz people was wiped out by the 36th Division of the National Revolutionary Army , the troops under the command of Ma Zhongying .

In the book Land Without Laughter , Ahmad Kamal relates that Nur Ahmad Jan was beheaded and that his head was used in a football game on the parade ground.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ondřej Klimeš: Struggle by the Pen: The Uyghur Discourse of Nation and National Interest, c.1900-1949 (=  China studies [Leiden, Netherlands] . Volume 30 ). Brill, Leiden 2015, ISBN 978-90-04-28809-6 , pp. 122 ( books.google.com - excerpt).
  2. ^ Andrew DW Forbes: Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia. A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949 . CUP Archives, Cambridge, England 1986, ISBN 0-521-25514-7 , pp. 84 ( books.google.com - Limited preview).
  3. ↑ AP: REPULSE REBELS AFTER SIX DAYS . In: Spokane Daily Chronicle , February 1, 1934. 
  4. ^ Fighting Continues Tungan Troops Still Active in Chinese Turkestan . In: The Montreal Gazette , May 10, 1934. 
  5. ^ Andrew DW Forbes: Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949 . CUP Archives, Cambridge, England 1986, ISBN 0-521-25514-7 , pp. 123 ( books.google.com - Limited preview).
  6. ^ A b Andrew DW Forbes: Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia. A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949 . CUP Archives, Cambridge, England 1986, ISBN 0-521-25514-7 , pp. 303 ( books.google.com - Limited preview).
  7. ↑ Ahmad Kamal: Land Without Laughter. iUniverse 2000, ISBN 0-595-01005-9 , pp. 130-131.
personal data
SURNAME Bughra, Nur Ahmad Jan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES نۇر ئەخمەتجان بۇغرا (ugS); نور احمد جان بغرا (ug); 努尔 · 阿 合 买 提 江 · 布格拉 (Chinese)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Uighur emir of the Islamic Republic of East Turkestan
DATE OF BIRTH 19th century or 20th century
DATE OF DEATH April 16, 1934
Place of death Yengisar