Abdullah Bughra

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Abdullah Bughra about 1933.

Abdullah Bughra or Emir Shah Mansur ( Uighur ئابدۇللا بۇغرا, عبد الله بغرا; Chinese  阿不都 拉 · 布格拉 , Pinyin Ā bù dū lā Bù gé lā ; died March 28, 1934 ) was a Uighur emir of the Islamic Republic of East Turkestan .

Abdullah came from the rich Bughra family from Hotan . Together with his two brothers Muhammad Amin Bughra and Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra he had a rebellion of the workers of the gold mines of Surghak ( Keriya Uighur كېرىيە) and instigated along the Yurungkax and Karakax rivers and installed himself as an emir . On March 16, 1933, the brothers proclaimed independence from China. Together with other forces, they sought independence from China on the one hand and the Soviet Union on the other.

In the Battle of Kashgar (1934) (February) he commanded Kyrgyz and Uighur units against the 36th Division of the National Revolutionary Army , which was formed by Muslim Hui-Chinese . The Hui were loyal to the Republic of China . The separatists had enclosed the 36th division in Kashgar and Hodscha Niyaz also came to the aid of the besiegers, but the Hui repelled the attackers, who suffered heavy losses. After the besiegers withdrew, the Hui took revenge for the Kizil massacre .

In the Battle of Yarkant he was attacked by Ma Zhancang and Ma Fuyuan with their troops with a strength of 10,000 men when he was about to leave Yarkant with his troops with a strength of 2,500 men for Yengisar in order to meet his brother Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra Help to come. A small group of Afghan volunteers from King Mohammed Zahir Shah were also involved in this fight . After two weeks of bloody attacks, on March 28, 1934, 2,300 of the 2,500 soldiers of Abdullah were killed or wounded. The last stand occurred near the Swedish mission in Yarkant. Abdullah Bughra was killed and beheaded, and his head was exhibited at the Idgah Mosque in Kashgar. All 24 Afghans stayed with Bughra to the end and were killed.

According to another version, his body was not found and there was speculation about his whereabouts.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ondřej Klimeš: Struggle by the Pen: The Uyghur Discourse of Nation and National Interest, c.1900-1949 (=  China studies [Leiden, Netherlands] . Volume 30 ). Brill, Leiden 2015, ISBN 978-90-04-28809-6 , pp. 122 f . ( books.google.com - excerpt).
  2. ^ Andrew DW Forbes: Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia. A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949 . CUP Archives, Cambridge, England 1986, ISBN 0-521-25514-7 , pp. 84 ( books.google.com - Limited preview).
  3. ^ Andrew DW Forbes: Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia. A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949 . CUP Archives, Cambridge, England 1986, ISBN 0-521-25514-7 , pp. 123 ( books.google.com - Limited preview).
  4. ^ Andrew DW Forbes: Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia. A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949 . CUP Archives, Cambridge, England 1986, ISBN 0-521-25514-7 , pp. 84 ( books.google.com - Limited preview).
personal data
SURNAME Bughra, Abdullah
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mansur, Emir Shah; ئابدۇللا بۇغرا (ugS); عبد الله بغرا (ug); 阿不都 拉 · 布格拉 (Chinese)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Uighur emir of the Islamic Republic of East Turkestan
DATE OF BIRTH 20th century
DATE OF DEATH March 28, 1934
Place of death Yarkant