Aglais vaualbum
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| ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775) |
Nymphalis vaualbum ( Syn .: Nymphalis l-album ) is a butterfly (day butterfly ) from the noble butterfly family(Nymphalidae).
description
butterfly
The moths reach a wingspan of 50 to 58 millimeters. They have an orange-brown to yellow-brown basic color. There are several black spots of different sizes on the forewings. A whitish spot stands out near the apex . The outer edge is dark and strongly jagged. The hind wings show a distinctive white spot in the middle of the front edge and also have a strongly jagged outer edge. Another typical feature is a white sign in the form of the letter L on the light brown rear wing back, which is why the species is sometimes referred to as the "white L". However, this name is preferably used for the owl butterfly Mythimna l-album .
Caterpillar, pupa
The caterpillars are brown or dark blue-gray in color, have yellowish, prickly elevations and a wide yellow, darkly divided side stripe. The doll has an ocher-yellow or brown-gray color, a conspicuous tip and shows some iridescent silver spots.
Similar species
The moths are similar to the great fox ( Nymphalis polychloros ), the eastern great fox ( Nymphalis xanthomelas ) and the small fox ( Aglais urticae ). However, all of the aforementioned species lack the distinctive white spot on the top of the hind wings and the white L on the back of the hind wings.
Distribution and occurrence
The range of the species includes Eastern Europe, Romania , the Ukraine , the south of Russia to the areas west of the Urals , the southern part of Siberia to the Himalayas and Japan . There is also an occurrence in North America from southern Alaska to Maryland . Individual finds were also reported from California and Florida . The animals are primarily forest dwellers. Similar to Nymphalis xanthomelas, there are some older records for Eastern Austria, such as Lower Austria, Vienna and the surrounding area.
Way of life
The moths fly in one generation from June to late summer, hibernate and fly again from early spring to June of the following year. The caterpillars live gregariously on willow ( Salix ), elm ( Ulmus ) and birch species ( Betula ) as well as on trembling poplars ( Populus tremulae ). The animals usually need cold winters to develop, which is why they are rarely found in temperate zones.
Hazard and protection
Nymphalis vaualbum is not native to Germany and occurs only very rarely as a migrant butterfly . In the German-speaking area, individual observations from Lower Austria are known.
In the Red List of Austria the species is classified as "critically endangered" (CR).
The species is protected under European law and is listed in Appendices II ("Species of Community Interest, for the conservation of which special protected areas must be designated") and IV ("Species of Community Interest to be strictly protected") of the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive listed as a priority species by the EU .
Synonyms
The following synonym exists:
- Aglais l-album Esper, 1781
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Walter Forster, Theodor A. Wohlfahrt: The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 2: Butterflies. (Rhopalocera and Hesperiidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1955, DNB 456642188 .
- ↑ Tom Tolman, Richard Lewington: The butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07573-7 .
- ^ Rudolf Eis, Colias erate and Pandoriana pandora in eastern Lower Austria, Entomolog. News Bulletin, 1994
- ↑ [1] (PDF; 137 kB) List of arthropod species protected in Vienna (Austria), Association of Austrian Entomologists
- ^ Federal Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (Ed.): Red Lists of Endangered Animals Austria. Checklists, risk analyzes, need for action. Part 1: Mammals, birds, grasshoppers, water beetles, netflies, beaked flies, Tagfalter Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-205-77345-4
literature
- Tom Tolman, Richard Lewington: The butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07573-7 .
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 2: Butterflies. (Rhopalocera and Hesperiidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1955, DNB 456642188 .
Web links
- www.lepiforum.de Photo
- www.faunaeur.org Taxonomy (English)