Okhotny Ryad (Moscow Metro)
Okhotny Rjad ( Russian Охотный ряд , ) is a 15 meters underground station of the Moscow Metro on the "red" Sokolnitscheskaja line . It was opened on May 15, 1935, making it part of the first construction phase of the Moscow metro system.
Location and general description
The station is located in the historical center of Moscow. It is named after the street of the same name, under which the underground station was built. The name of the street, which has existed since the 17th century at the latest, can be roughly translated as "Jagdzeile", which indicates its former importance as a marketplace for game meat, furs and live animals.
There are several entrance areas from the street: From the western end of the platform, one reaches an extensive pedestrian underpass via an escalator shaft , the direct exits to Tverskaya Street and to the building of the Russian State Duma on Okhotny Ryad on the one hand and to Manege Square , Alexander Garden and the Historical Museum on the other having. The eastern exit leads to an entrance and exit vestibule shared with the Teatralnaja station on the “green” line , which is located in the immediate vicinity of the Bolshoi Theater building . You can also get from Okhotny Ryad underground station to Teatralnaya station via a connecting tunnel, which is accessed by an escalator in the middle of the platform hall. There is also an option to change to the Ploschtschad Revolyuzii station on the “dark blue” line , but only via the Teatralnaja station.
Due to its very central location, Okhotny Ryad station is also one of the Moscow metro stations most used by tourists - among other things, the most important Moscow sights, Red Square and the Kremlin , are both just a few minutes' walk from the west exit at Manege Square.
History and renaming
The station was opened on May 15, 1935 and, together with twelve other stations, formed the first construction phase of the Moscow Metro. Originally Okhotny Ryad was part of the first line from Sokolniki to Park Kultury , which was later extended in both directions as the Sokolnicheskaya Line. Until 1953, trains from the direction of Sokolniki via Alexandrowski Sad to Kievskaya also left here, but this branch was temporarily shut down after the opening of the first section of the “dark blue” line and operated as an independent “light blue” Filjowskaya line from 1958 .
When it opened, the station had only one exit, namely the eastern vestibule, which from 1938 also served as a transition to the Teatralnaja station. In 1944, a transition tunnel was put into operation between the two stations, which was reinforced by a second tube in 1974. The western exit and the associated pedestrian underpass were built in 1959.
A special feature of Okhotny Ryad metro station is the fact that it has been renamed four times in the course of its history: 1955 to Imeni Kaganowitscha (in honor of the statesman, Stalin companion and first head of the metro construction authority Lasar Kaganowitsch ), two years later in Okhotny Ryad (as a result of the de-Stalinization campaign and Kaganovich's impeachment), in 1961 in Prospekt Marksa (due to the renaming of Okhotny Ryad Street in Prospekt Marksa, literally " Marxprospekt ") and in 1990 back in Okhotny Ryad.
architecture
The architectural design of the station comes from a group of builders around Yuri Alexandrowitsch Rewkowski. The platform hall is noteworthy, although it looks less pompous than the “Palaces for the People” on the ring line from the early 1950s , but has a striking shape compared to other stations in the first construction phase. The hall has a central platform construction typical of the Moscow Metro with two rows of pylons that separate the two platform edges from the central part of the hall. The vault of the central part is arched with a profile held in the form of square niches and hanging spherical lights. The pylons, which act as double constructions, between which arcade-like corridors lead to the platforms, are clad with white and gray-blue marble slabs, some of which come from the substance of the Christ the Savior Cathedral , which was blown up in 1931 . The checkerboard-like floor was made of gray granite and black gabbro slabs . The walls above the tracks were initially covered with simple white and yellow ceramic tiles, which were also replaced by marble in 2008.
The eastern entrance and exit of the station adjacent to the Bolshoi Theater is also historically significant: the vestibule was built into an existing multi-storey building from the 19th century, which is still standing today. The design for this first entrance vestibule comes from the well-known early Soviet architect Dmitri Chechulin .
See also
literature
- Московскому метро 70 лет (70 years of the Moscow Metro) , World Art Museum special issue 14/2005, ISSN 1726-3050
- V. Swerev: Metro Moskovskoye . Algoritm, Moscow 2008, ISBN 978-5-9265-0580-8
Web links
- Description on the official Moscow Metro website (in Russian)
- Description on metro.molot.ru (Russian)
| Previous station | Moscow Metro | Next station | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lubyanka ← Podbelskowo Ulitsa |
Sokolnicheskaya Line |
Biblioteka imeni Lenina Yugo-Sapadnaja → |
||
Coordinates: 55 ° 45 ′ 26.3 " N , 37 ° 36 ′ 53.5" E