Ground beetle
| Ground beetle | ||||||||||||
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Green-striped ground beetle |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the subfamily | ||||||||||||
| Omophroninae | ||||||||||||
| Bonelli , 1810 | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Omophron | ||||||||||||
| Latreille , 1802 |
The ground beetles ( Omophron ) are the only genus within the ground beetle subfamily Omophroninae. Because of its characteristics, which differ greatly from the other ground beetles, this subfamily was previously regarded by some authors as a separate family. There are 60 species known worldwide, which are divided into two sub-genera ( Omophron and Phrator ). They are common in the Holarctic , Oriental , Afrotropic and also in Central America . There are two types in Europe.
features
Beetle
The ground beetles have an oval to almost circular body contour. The body itself is hemispherical. Their antennae and legs are long and slender. They have a pale base color and an unusual, colorful pattern that is dark and often with a metallic sheen. The head is short. The top wings each have 14 to 15 longitudinal grooves, but do not have a short groove on the wing top seam . The membranous flights (alae) are well developed.
Larvae
The larvae are adapted to a way of life in the ground. Your body tapers forward. The head capsule is relatively large and wedge-shaped. The point eyes ( ocelli ) are large. The mandibles have a single cutting edge. The prothorax is broad at the base and narrows towards the head. The legs are relatively long, the rails ( tibia ) are shortened. The thigh ring ( trochanter ), thigh ( femora ) and splints (tibia) have tufts with short hairs at the tip. The abdominal segments have numerous long hairs.
Way of life and occurrence
All species are water-loving and only live in the immediate vicinity of bodies of water. The adults are nocturnal and very fast hunters. Like the larvae, during the day they hide in self-dug cavities in sand or clay.
Types (selection)
Within the individual species, there is often a great variability in the drawing on the wings. This sometimes led to differing views on the delimitation of individual species and subspecies. Around 67 species are currently described. The genus is divided into the subgenus Omophron ( sensu stricto ) and Phrator , some authors consider Phrator as a separate genus. Two species live in the Western Palearctic, including Europe
Subgenus Omophron (Omophron) Latreille, 1802:
- Green-striped ground beetle ( Omophron limbatum Fabricius, 1777) (Europe to Central Asia)
Subgenus Phrator Semenov, 1922
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Omophron variegatum Olivier, 1811 with four subspecies, two of which are in Europe
- Omophron variegatum variegatum Olivier, 1811 (Spain, Portugal)
- Omophron variegatum sardoum Reitter, 1907 (Italy (Sardinia))
supporting documents
Individual evidence
- ↑ See: W. Kirby: The Insects. In: J. Richardson, W. Swainson & W. Kirby (Eds.): Fauna Boreali-Americana. Part 4, p. 325 ff., Josiah Fletcher, Norwich 1837 and AG Böving & FC Craighead: An illustrated synopsis of the principal larval forms of the order Coleoptera. Entomologica Americana, 11, 1, pp. 351 ff., 1930
- ↑ a b c d Rolf G. Beutel, Richard AB Leschen: Handbuch der Zoologie - Coleoptera, Beetles, Volume 1: Morphology and Systematics (Archostemata, Adephaga, Myxophaga, Polyphaga partim) . 1st edition. de Gruyter , 2005, ISBN 3-11-017130-9 , p. 129 (English).
- ↑ Uldis Valainis (2010): A review of genus Omophron Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Palearctic fauna and Distribution. Baltic Journal of Coleopterology 10 (2): 105-128.
- ↑ Omophroninae. Fauna Europaea, accessed July 23, 2010 .
- ↑ Uldis Valainis (2009): A review of genus Omophron Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Mediterranean fauna and distribution. Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis 9 (1): 63-72.
- ↑ Omophron (Phrator) variegatum from Carabidae of the World, Anichtchenko A. et al., (Editors) 2007-2015, accessed on November 16, 2015.
literature
- Rolf G. Beutel, Richard AB Leschen: Handbuch der Zoologie - Coleoptera, Beetles, Volume 1: Morphology and Systematics (Archostemata, Adephaga, Myxophaga, Polyphaga partim) . 1st edition. de Gruyter , 2005, ISBN 3-11-017130-9 (English).
