Oulipo

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Oulipo is a group of authors primarily French , Italian ( Italo Calvino ), American ( Harry Mathews ) and Transylvanian-Saxon ( Oskar Pastior ) writers. The acronym Oulipo comes from L' Ou vroir de Li ttérature Po tentielle (French: "Workshop for Potential Literature "). The associated adjective is oulipotic.

history

Oulipo was founded in 1960 by François Le Lionnais and Raymond Queneau . Initially, the members were mainly recruited from the Collège de 'Pataphysique . But they also took their first artistic steps in surrealism . Another inspiration for the foundation can be seen in the collective Nicolas Bourbaki , which is exclusively active in the mathematical field.

The goal of Oulipo is to expand the language through formal constraints - new freedoms and possibilities through self-imposed new writing rules . Every work is based on a different form requirement that runs through the entire text. On the one hand, constraint (always also) restricts, but, the authors hope, this frees them from linguistic automatisms at the same time and gives them a new freedom of expression.

Georges Perec demonstrated this in an exemplary manner: He wrote a leipogrammatical novel which is entitled La Disparition (1969) and does not contain the letter "e", which is thematically the central theme of the book. The novel was translated into German by Eugen Helmlé under the title Anton Voyls Fortgang , whereby the restriction - no "e" in the text - was retained. The literary works generally have to submit to a “contrainte” (a compulsion of the same kind) which voluntarily limits the language material used.

Ou-X-Po

François Le Lionnais, the oulipotic law enforcement officer, wanted to expand the oulipotic field of creation to Ou-x-po .

There are numerous OU-X-PO groups, whereby the OU stands for ouvroir, a French word for "workshop" that is no longer in use, and the X indicates the area in which the corresponding workshop is potentially active: e.g. E.g .: Ouvroir de musique potentialielle = OuMuPo, Ouvroir de tragécomédie potentialielle = OuTraPo, Ouvroir de la Bande dessinée potentialielle = OuBaPo (workshop for all conceivable comics ; French bande dessinée ), Ouvroir du design graphique potentiel = OuGraPeso (workshop for graphic design potential = OuGraPeso ). In a novel by the writer Ilse Kilic there is also a “workshop for potential life” OUVIEPO, which is being established in Vienna.

The basic principle of these workshops is the "contrainte", the creative limitation. This is to be understood as a compulsory form which, by preventing certain and known forms, enables or brings out new, previously neglected forms of representation. Outrapo, also written OuTraPo, deals with the possibilities of new forms in theater or in theater work in the broader sense.

It would take more than 190 million years to fully read Raymond Queneau's “ Hundred Thousand Billion Poems ” (1961), a collection of ten sonnets that can be varied incredibly often due to a relatively simple idea.

Oulipiens

Oulipo members (as of 2016). The members remain so after their death (they are excused for death).

Noël Arnaud , Michèle Audin , Valérie Beaudoin , Marcel Bénabou , Jacques Bens , Claude Berge , Eduardo Berti , André Blavier , Paul Braffort , Italo Calvino , François Caradec , Bernard Cerquiglini , Ross Chambers , Stanley Chapman , Marcel Duchamp , Jacques Duchateau , Luc Etienne , Frédéric Forte , Paul Fournel , Anne F. Garréta , Michelle Grangaud , Jacques Jouet , Latis , François Le Lionnais , Hervé Le Tellier , Etienne Lécroart , Jean Lescure , Daniel Levin Becker , Pablo Martin Sánchez , Harry Mathews , Michèle Métail , Ian Monk , Oskar Pastior , Georges Perec , Raymond Queneau , Jean Queval , Pierre Rosenstiehl , Jacques Roubaud , Olivier Salon , Albert-Marie Schmidt .

literature

  • Felix Philipp Ingold : OuLiPo. Reference to the "work group for potential literature". NZZ , June 22, 1984; back in Vive la littérature! Contemporary French literature. Ed. Verena von der Heyden-Rynsch. Carl Hanser, Munich 1989, pp. 214–218 (with group photo of the protagonists, 1975)
  • Heiner Boehncke , Bernd Kuhne: Incitement to poetry. Oulipo - theory and practice of the workshop for potential literature. Bremen 1993, ISBN 3-924903-49-2
  • Jürgen Ritte (Ed.): Monkey language, game machines and general rules. Edition Plasma, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-926867-23-X .
  • Harry Mathews & Alastair Brotchie (ed): Oulipo Compendium. With additional sections devoted to Oulipopo, Oupeinpo. Atlas Press (Atlas Archive Six. Documents of the Avant-Garde) London 1998 ISBN 0-947757-96-1
  • Warren F. Motte, Jr .: Oulipo. A Primer of Potential Literature. Foreword by Noel Arnaud, Dalkey Archive Press, Normal (Illinois) 1998 ISBN 1-56478-187-9
  • Astrid Poier-Bernhard: Have fun with Haas. With a detailed appendix on the various oulipotic methods (also in German-language literature). Special number, Vienna 2003
  • Uwe Schleypen: Writing out of nothing. Contemporary literature and mathematics. The ouvroir de littérature potential. Meidenbauer, Munich 2004, series: Romania viva, vol. 1 (additional dissertation phil. University of Eichstätt 2004) ISBN 3-89975-036-5
  • Klaus Ferentschik : Pataphysics. Temptation of the mind. Pataphysics and the Collège de Pataphysique. Definitions, documents, illustrations, Matthes & Seitz, Berlin 2006 (series: batteries, vol. 77)
  • Jörn Steigerwald: OULIPO. Projects of the novel after the modern age - beyond the Nouveau Roman . Lendemains 140, 2010, Dossier ISSN  0170-3803
  • Heiner Boehncke, Sophie Dobrigkeit, Ulrike Gauder, Michael Hohmann, Sigrid Ortwein: Oulipo Ougrapo. An instruction manual . Das Wunderhorn, Heidelberg 2014 ISBN 978-3-88423-480-8

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bayerischer Rundfunk: Georges Perec: "The assassination attempt of Sarajewo" - Popeye in the Balkans - book market. Retrieved May 6, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Alex Rühle: Oulipo. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. February 2, 2018, accessed May 6, 2020 .