Päevaleht (1905-1940)

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Päevaleht 1934

Päevaleht ("Tageblatt") was an Estonian daily newspaper that appeared from 1905 to 1940.

Foundation and frequency of publication

In the summer of 1905, the translator, writer and journalist Peeter Grünfeldt , who had previously gained experience with various Estonian newspapers (including Postimees ), applied with the typesetter Jaak Jürine (1875–1939) for permission to set up a new newspaper in Tallinn. After approval was granted, it was not until December of that year before the first issue appeared, as Grünfeldt himself had no capital. After the right of publication was sold to the publisher Andres Pert, whose own newspaper "Uus Aeg" like all other Estonian newspapers after the state of emergency was declared on December 10th . / December 23,  1917 greg. was just closed as a result of the revolutionary events , the new daily newspaper was able to start its publication in December.

The first number of Päewaleht (the orthography at that time, which was used in the title of the newspaper until the end) came on December 16, jul. / December 29,  1905 greg. out, from 1906 the newspaper appeared six times a week (not on Sundays, from July to December 1906 not on Mondays). In the aftermath of the October Revolution , the paper was published on December 16 . / December 29,  1917 greg. closed, but could appear again in January 1918. However, during the German occupation of Estonia in World War I , the publication was again prohibited, only on February 25, 1918 was a single-leaf single issue published, which among other things brought Estonia's independence manifesto .

On November 12, 1918, the newspaper resumed its publication. Since January 1921 there have been seven issues per week, but several times longer periods followed with six issues per week (not on Mondays). From July 1925 until it was closed, the paper appeared seven times a week without interruption.

The last issue appeared on July 26, 1940 , due to the Sovietization of Estonia. The successor is the "Noorte Hääl" ("Voice of Youth") printed from September 18, 1940. During the German occupation of Estonia in World War II , attempts were made to revive the old newspaper, but only one issue could appear on August 29, 1941. After the Second World War the publication was continued as “Noorte Hääl” until the newspaper was renamed “Päevaleht” again on February 1, 1990 in the wake of the Singing Revolution . This newspaper merged with two other newspapers in 1994 and has since appeared as Eesti Päevaleht , which is now the second major daily newspaper in Estonia alongside Postimees .

Editors-in-chief and editorial staff

Luiga and Tammer were joint editors-in-chief at times. The prose writer Jakob Mändmets worked in the editorial office from 1906 to 1910 and from 1916 until his death (1930).

Effect and meaning

Due to the initial monopoly situation, the circulation was immediately very high and amounted to 12,000–15,000 copies. In the second half of the 1920s and 1930s, the circulation was up to 50,000. The newspaper is considered to be “Estonia's first politically independent newspaper” and, under Georg Luiga, became the largest newspaper in Estonia during the interwar period.

In the columns of the Päevaleht , as is customary in Estonia, literary works have regularly appeared for the first time, including novels that were later never published as books, such as Mart Rauds Uued inimesed (New People, 1925 from March 14th), in which the topic of new settlers is treated.

Secondary literature

  • Peeter Grünfeldt: “Päewalehe” esimesed eluaastad, in: Päewaleht, December 29, 1925, pp. 5-6. (Estonian)
  • Peatükke Eesti ajakirjanduse ajaloost 1900–1940 . Koost. Epp Lauk. Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus 2000. 262 pp.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sulev Vahtre: Eesti ajalugu. Kronoloogia. Tallinn: Olion 2007, p. 168.
  2. ^ First number in the Estonian newspaper archive DIGAR
  3. ↑ (not digitized, entry in the Estonian union catalog).
  4. ↑ Eestikeelne ajakirjandus 1766–1940. II: O – Ü. Toimetanud Endel Annus ja Tiina Loogväli. Tallinn: Eesti Akadeemiline Raamatukogu 2002, p. 540.
  5. ↑ Eesti ajalugu V. Pärisorjuse kaotamisest Vabadussõjani. Tartu: Ilmamaa 2010, p. 389.
  6. ↑ Eesti kirjanike leksikon. Koostanud Oskar Kruus yes Heino Puhvel. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat 2000, pp. 306-307.
  7. ^ (Estonian) First episode of Mart Raud's novel "Neue Menschen".
  8. ↑ Cornelius Hasselblatt : History of Estonian Literature. From the beginning to the present. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter 2006, p. 482.