Pallada (ship, 1906)
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|---|---|
 Pallada |
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| Overview | |
| Type | Armored cruiser |
| Shipyard |
New Admiralty Shipyard in |
| Keel laying | August 1905 |
| Launch | November 10, 1906 |
| delivery | February 21, 1911 |
| Namesake | Goddess Athena |
| period of service |
1911–1914 Russian Navy |
| home port | Kronstadt |
| Whereabouts | October 11, 1914 explodes after a torpedo hit by German submarine SM U 26 |
| Technical specifications | |
| displacement |
7,775 ts |
| length |
137.0 m above sea level, |
| width |
17.5 m |
| Draft |
6.7 m |
| crew |
573 men |
| drive |
26 Belleville boiler |
| speed |
21 kn |
| Range |
2100 nm at 12 kn |
| Armament |
• 2 × 203 mm L / 45 canet guns in single turrets |
| Bunker quantity |
1,020 tons of coal |
| Armor |
|
| Sister ships |
Bayan (I), |
The armored cruiser Pallada was the third bayan class ship of the Imperial Russian Navy . It was named after the Greek goddess Pallas Athene .
Predecessor in name was the protected cruiser Pallada , which was sunk in Port Arthur during the Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905 , but was lifted by Japan after the end of the war, then under the name Tsugaru (津 軽) served as a training ship and miner in the Japanese navy until 1922 1924 was sunk by explosive charges.
The bayan class
The Bajan class was the fourth class of armored cruisers of the tsarist navy and represented a considerable further development compared to the previous classes. The ships were no longer designed as trade disruptors but as naval reconnaissance aircraft. The design therefore deviated radically from those of the earlier armored cruisers and came from the Russian MTK (Morskoi Technitscheskii Komitet = Marine Technology Committee), which consisted of representatives of the Russian shipbuilding, weapons and engineering industries. The new class had only about half the water displacement of its predecessor, but almost the same armament and achieved a considerably higher speed. The construction contract for the first two ships - Bajan and Admiral Makarow - went to the French Compagnie des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée in La Seyne near Toulon . The last two ships, Pallada and Bajan , were built at the New Admiralty Shipyard in Saint Petersburg .
Technical specifications
The Pallada was laid down in August 1905 and launched on November 10, 1906. The commissioning took place on February 21, 1911. The ship displaced 7,835 tons (standard; maximum 8,343 tons), at 145 m length, 18.2 m width and 7.0 m draft. The armor was made of Krupp cement steel and was up to 200 mm thick in the side belt, 135 mm in the towers and barbeds, 60 mm in the casemates, and up to 30 mm on the main deck. The armament consisted of two 203 mm and eight 152 mm guns and two 75 mm and two 63 mm guns and two 450 mm torpedo tubes. Up to 150 sea mines could be carried. Two triple expansion steam engines gave the cruiser 16,500 horsepower and enabled a top speed of 22.5 knots. With a bunker capacity of 1,020 tons of coal, the range was 2,100 nautical miles at a cruising speed of 12 knots. The crew consisted of 573 men.
War effort
The Pallada served in the Baltic Fleet under the Commander-in-Chief Admiral Nikolai von Essen and was very active in the first months of the First World War .
When on the night of August 13th, Jul. / August 26, 1914 greg. The German small cruiser Magdeburg ran aground in the fog near the island of Odensholm , at the entrance to the Gulf of Finland off the Estonian north coast, it was the cruisers Pallada and Bogatyr who attacked the Magdeburg and forced it to sink itself. The Russians succeeded in recovering a German signal book that had been weighed down with lead when the Russian ships suddenly emerged from the morning mist.
On August 24th, July / September 6, 1914 greg. met the Pallada and her sister ship Bajan north of Dagö on the small cruiser Augsburg , which tried to induce the Russian armored cruiser to pursue them. He tried to pull her onto the association of the Commander-in-Chief of the Baltic Sea Forces (OdO), Grand Admiral Prince Heinrich of Prussia , who had advanced into the eastern Baltic Sea with his flagship Blücher , seven ships of the line, five small cruisers and 24 torpedo boats. However, Pallada and Bajan withdrew into the Gulf of Finland and there was no battle.
On August 28th, July / 10th September 1914 greg. Admiral von Essen led his flagship, the armored cruiser Rurik , and the Pallada into the Baltic Sea to wage a trade war there. Although the operation was unsuccessful, this advance was important to the morale of the Russian Navy, as it signaled to the crews that they should not just remain idle in their ports.
Loss of the ship
Just a month later, on September 28th, July / October 11, 1914 greg. , the Pallada at the entrance to the Gulf of Finland was torpedoed 16.5 nm off Russarö by the German submarine U 26 under Kapitänleutnant Egenolf von Berckheim . Ammunition chambers exploded and the cruiser sank within a few minutes with the entire crew of 597 (611?) Men. The armored cruiser had not expected a submarine when it came to a battle with the German cruisers Amazone , Lübeck and Augsburg . It was the first total loss of a ship in the Russian Navy in World War I.
After this catastrophe, Admiral von Essen ordered that all larger ships were only allowed to operate with torpedo boat escorts. All ships of the line were moved to the Gulf of Finland. After that there was hardly any active use of the liners.
literature
- Stephen McLaughlin: From Ruirik to Ruirik: Russia's Armored Cruisers. in Warship 1999-2000. Conway's Maritime Press
- John Roberts, HC Timewell, Roger Chesneau (Ed.), Eugene M. Kolesnik (Ed.): Warships of the World 1860 to 1905 - Volume 2: USA, Japan and Russia. Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Koblenz 1983, ISBN 3-7637-5402-4 .
