Panamint chipmunk
| Panamint chipmunk | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Tamias panamintinus | ||||||||||||
| Merriam , 1893 |
The Panamint chipmunks ( Tamias panamintinus , Syn. : Neotamias panamintinus ) is a Hörnchenart from the kind of chipmunks ( Tamias ). It is found in southwest Nevada and southeast California .
features
The Panamint chipmunk reaches an average head-trunk length of about 10.7 to 11.9 centimeters, the tail length is about 8.7 to 9.1 centimeters and the weight is about 54 grams. The back color is brown to dark brown, the shoulders are gray and the belly is pale. As with other species of the genus, the fur is brown and there are several dark back stripes on the back, which are separated by lighter stripes and delimited from the sides of the body. It corresponds in size to the yellow spruce chipmunk ( Tamias amoenus ), but has smaller feet and ears as well as a paler fur with lighter stripes and a slightly wider skull. Compared with the small chipmunks ( Tamias minimus ), it is more reddish in color and in comparison to the partially sympatrically occurring Palmer chipmunks ( Tamias palmeri ) it is slightly smaller.
distribution
The panamint chipmunk is found in the mountainous regions of southwestern Nevada and southeastern California .
Way of life
Panamint chipmunks live at altitudes of around 1230 to 3180 meters in parts of the Great Basin . The vegetation can be different, but it is largely characterized by pine and juniper stands; flexible pines ( Pinus flexilis ) and awn pines ( Pinus aristata ) are increasingly being added at higher altitudes .
The species is diurnal and primarily living on the ground and prefers rock floors and crevices, but can also climb trees and bushes. The animals feed mainly herbivorous of seeds and fruits, the main component of food represent juniper and pine seeds. In addition, flowers and other plant parts and insects come as a supplementary food. The squirrels hibernate, but can be active on mild winter days and wake up again very early in the year.
In most of the distribution area, the species comes sympathetically with other chipmunks such as the yellow spruce chipmunk ( Tamias amoenus ), the little chipmunk ( Tamias minimus ), the Merriam chipmunk ( Tamias merriami ), the lodgepole chipmunk ( Tamias speciosus ) and the Uinta- Chipmunk ( Tamias umbrinus ), in the Spring Mountains southwest of Nevada, the species lives sympathetically with the Palmer chipmunk ( Tamias palmeri ), which, however, usually prefers higher altitudes. In areas in which these two species occur, the more competitive Palmer chipmunk displaces the Panamint chipmunk from mixed forest habitats that can be used for both into rocky peripheral areas that can only be used by this one.
Systematics
The panamint chipmunk is classified as a separate species within the genus of chipmunks ( Tamias ), which consists of 25 species. The first scientific description comes from the American naturalist Clinton Hart Merriam from 1893, who described it using individuals from the Panamint Range in California. Within the chipmunk group, the panamint chipmunk, along with most of the other species, is assigned to the subgenus Neotamias , which is also discussed as an independent genus.
Within the species, two subspecies are distinguished with the nominate form :
- Tamias panamintinus panamintinus : nominate form. This subspecies occurs in the entire range with the exception of the Kingston Mountains in San Bernardino County in California.
- Tamias panamintinus acrus : limited to the Kingston Mountains in California, which are isolated from the rest of the range by deserts. The shape is smaller and darker.
Status, threat and protection
The Panamint chipmunk is classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) as "Least Concern" (LC). This is justified by the relatively large distribution area of more than 20,000 km 2 and the regular occurrence; there are no known risks to the existence of the plant.
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Richard W. Thorington Jr. , John L. Koprowski, Michael A. Steele: Squirrels of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2012; Pp. 331-332. ISBN 978-1-4214-0469-1 .
- ↑ a b Neotamias panamintinus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015.4. Posted by: AV Linzey, NatureServe (G. Hammerson), 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
- ↑ Christopher Lowrey, Kathleen Longshore: Habitat Interaction Between Two Species of Chipmunk in the Basin and Range Province of Nevada. Western North American Naturalist 73 (2), 2013; Pp. 129-136. doi : 10.3398 / 064.073.0202 .
- ↑ a b Tamias (Neotamias) panamintinus In: Don E. Wilson , DeeAnn M. Reeder (Ed.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 volumes. 3. Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .
- ^ Troy L. Best , Robin G. Clawson, Joseph A. Clawson: Tamias panamintinus. ( Memento of the original from March 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Mammalian Species 468, 1994.
- ↑ Bruce D. Patterson, Ryan W. Norris: Towards a uniform nomenclature for ground squirrels: the status of the Holarctic chipmunks. Mammalia 80 (3), May 2016; Pp. 241-251 doi : 10.1515 / mammalia-2015-0004
literature
- Richard W. Thorington Jr. , John L. Koprowski, Michael A. Steele: Squirrels of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2012; Pp. 331-332. ISBN 978-1-4214-0469-1
- Troy L. Best , Robin G. Clawson, Joseph A. Clawson: Tamias panamintinus. Mammalian Species 468, 1994.
Web links
- Neotamias panamintinus inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015.4. Posted by: AV Linzey, NatureServe (G. Hammerson), 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2016.