Parabellum pistol (Switzerland)
| Pistol 1900 | |
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| general information | |
| Civil name: | Parabellum 7.65 pistol |
| Military designation: | Pistole 1900 / Pistole 1900/06 / 7.65 mm pistol Mod. 1906/29 |
| Country of operation: | Switzerland |
| Developer / Manufacturer: | German arms and ammunition factories (DWM), later the Swiss arms factory in Bern |
| Manufacturer country: | Germany , Switzerland |
| Production time: | 1900 to model 06/29 1946 |
| Model variants: | Pistole 1900, 1900/06, (both DWM), pistol 1900/06, 1906/29 (both Waffenfabrik Bern) |
| Weapon Category: | gun |
| Furnishing | |
| Overall length: | 238 mm |
| Total height: | 145 mm |
| Weight: (unloaded) | 0.930 kg |
| Sight length : | 215 mm |
| Barrel length : | 120 mm |
| Technical specifications | |
| Caliber : | 7.65 × 21 mm Luger |
| Possible magazine fillings : | 8 cartridges |
| Fire types: | Single fire |
| Number of trains : | 4th |
| Twist : | 250 mm |
| Visor : | Visor on the rear joint |
| Closure : | Knee joint closure |
| Charging principle: | Recoil loader |
| Lists on the subject | |
The 1900 pistol and its variants 1906 and 06/29 are self-loading pistols in the 7.65 × 21 mm Luger caliber , which were sold to the Swiss Army as an orderly pistol from 1900 to around 1948 . These pistols, known as “Parabellum” in Switzerland, are recoil loaders with a knee-joint lock . The weapon was developed by Georg Luger on the basis of the Borchardt C93 and was also used by the German army under the designation Pistole 08 in caliber 9 mm Parabellum . The last of the variants manufactured in the Swiss Federal Arms Factory in Bern , the 7.65 mm pistol Mod. 06/29, was replaced after the Second World War by the SIG P210 pistol in the larger 9 mm Parabellum caliber.
history
After the introduction of the smokeless ammunition GP 1890 for the model 1889 infantry rifle, attempts were made to also load the 7.5 mm ammunition for the model 1882 revolver with the new powder. The revolver was not suitable for this ammunition. Colonel Gressly from the Federal Military Department then contacted Theodor Bergmann in 1892 to follow the development of self-loading pistols there. Tests were carried out with the Bergmann model 1894 pistol and the Bergmann model 1897 pistol with a detachable magazine, which was further developed by Hugo Schmeisser . System Roth pistols, various types from Mannlicher , the Mauser C96 , the Borchardt C93 and their successor, the Borchardt-Luger pistol developed by Georg Luger, were also tested . The superiority of the Borchardt-Luger was evident and after some improvements proposed by the responsible commission, this led to the Luger 1898 test pistol, 20 Luger prototypes in 1899 and the 1900 model. On May 4, 1900, the Federal Council decided to use this pistol in the Swiss Army to introduce. From May 1901 to May 1906, the DWM delivered 5,000 of these pistols; they were only approved by the Federal Council as an orderly pistol in 1900 on February 19, 1904.
The Parabellum orderly pistols were only given to officers . Senior NCOs as well as NCOs equipped with a handgun and members of the crew continued to use the revolver model 1882 and later the successor model revolver 1882/29 until the introduction of the pistol 49 .
technology
The Parabellum pistol, like its variants, is a shooting recoil loader with a barrel that slides back briefly and a knee-joint lock. Technically, the weapon corresponds to the German pistol 08 except for details, but in contrast to this it has a ball of thumb safety .
On the one hand, the pistol is prone to contamination due to the open-top function of the knee joint and the narrow tolerances. On the other hand, the tight tolerances, the barrel firmly screwed to the bolt carrier, the front sight attached directly to the barrel and the visor milled on the rear joint lead to high shooting precision. In this regard, it was superior to the Browning military pistols with a non-permanently attached barrel. With the small caliber of 7.65 mm, a bullet weight of 6 g and an initial speed of 365 m / s, it lacked the man-stopping effect , so it was rather unsuitable as a military weapon.
construction
The part of the weapon that moves when firing consists of the barrel, the bolted breech or fork housing, the bolt head and the knee joint. The fork housing is longitudinally displaceable in corresponding guide grooves in the handle; analogously, the locking head slides in guide grooves in the fork housing. This is supported by the knee joint, which consists of the front and rear joints. The knee joint is bent over to avoid premature opening. The rear joint is pivotably linked to the fork housing by a horizontally attached massive bolt. It is connected to the closing spring located at the rear of the handle via a coupling chain. The buttons on both sides between the front and rear hinge are used to load the weapon. The 1900 pistol has a hook attached to the right loading button that engages in a milled groove in the fork housing to prevent the knee joint from opening unintentionally.
On the 1900 pistol and early versions of the 1900/06 pistol, the Swiss cross is pressed into the crown of rays ( Geneva Cross ) on the head of the fork housing , on later versions of the 1900/06 pistol made by DWM it is the Swiss cross in the escutcheon . All of these pistols have an intertwined DWM on the front joint of the knee joint.
function
When firing, the recoil is transmitted to the fork housing via the breech, knee joint and bolt, which then runs back. At its rear end, the handle has shoulders protruding on both sides with guide curves pointing upwards. After a few millimeters of reverse travel, the loading buttons attached to the knee joint are lifted through these curves, the knee joint kinks and releases the lock. The bolt head runs back and ejects the fired case, at the same time a cam attached to the bottom of the front joint clamps the firing pin located in the bolt head . The closing spring in the handle triggers the reloading process, the bolt head pushes a new cartridge from the magazine into the chamber in advance, and the weapon is ready to fire again. The shot is triggered by the spring-loaded firing pin, which is released by pressing the trigger via a rocker arm mechanism on the side. When the magazine is empty, the slide remains open.
Fuses
The weapon has two safety devices, the palm safety device and the safety wing on the outside of the left shoulder of the handle. If the ball safety device is not pressed in, the rocker arm mechanism is blocked between the trigger and the firing pin. The palm safety device can be blocked by the safety lever on the side of the housing. The newer models, from 1906 onwards, have a charge indicator. If there is a cartridge in the chamber, the inscription LOADED is visible on the case extractor.
Pistol 1900
After various attempts with self-loading pistols, Switzerland decided in 1900 to introduce the Luger pistol in caliber 7.65 × 21 mm as an orderly pistol in 1900 for mounted officers and staff officers. The 1900 pistol still has a flat bolt head, the flat extractor attached to it does not yet serve as a charge indicator. The charging buttons are asymmetrical, with a ribbed front. The closing spring, a double-layer leaf spring, attached to the handle frame behind the magazine slot is connected to the rear joint via a piece of chain. Since the system was still under development, it was continuously improved.
variants
- The trigger (tongue) was initially narrow, later produced were wider.
- The raised ribbed surface at the end of the safety locking lever was long (13.7 mm) on early models, later it was shorter, there are three variants.
- In early models, the palm rest of the hand restraint was 11.3 mm wide, later wider.
- The knurled button on the cartridge feeder on the Type I magazine was thinner than the one on the Type II magazine.
- On the grip frame of the earlier pistols, the entry opening of the magazine shaft had to be milled to match the type II magazines that were later released.
- In 1920 the Swiss Federal Arms Factory produced a number of bolt heads with reinforced extractors. In contrast to the original extractors, these are no longer flat, they are a bit thicker at the front.
A total of 5,100 copies of the 1900 pistol were delivered by DWM, Berlin. 100 of these weapons were renumbered in 1914.
1900/06 pistol
The 1900/06 pistol is a variant of its predecessor that has been improved in the following ways:
- Closing spring: The leaf spring has been replaced by a compression-loaded helical spring, which is connected to the rear joint via a pull rod, an angled rocker arm and a piece of chain.
- The charging buttons on the rear joint are no longer asymmetrical, but round and ribbed.
- The hook (against unintentional opening of the lock) on the right loading button is no longer applicable.
- The bolt head is no longer flat, but rather convex.
- The more massive case extractor also serves as a loading indicator, the word LOADED is visible on its left side when a cartridge is in the barrel.
Apart from the additional grip safety gun is functionally equivalent to the German gun 08. From the DWM Berlin were delivered from 1906 to 1914 about 10,000 this pistol, serial number from 5,001 to 15,215, at the outbreak of World War I , the deliveries were stopped.
Pistol 1900/06 (arms factory)
Between 1918 and 1933 the weapons factory in Bern produced a series of these pistols (serial number 15216–33089); These weapons largely corresponded to the 1900/06 model, only the wooden handle scales are not fluted to the edge, and the Swiss cross is not embossed on the head of the fork housing. The tangled DWM on the rear joint was replaced by a Swiss cross and the inscription WAFFENFABRIK BERN.
7.65 mm pistol 1906/29
A further simplified variant, the model 1906/29, was manufactured between 1933 and 1946 in the weapons factory in Bern (serial number 50001-77941). It can be recognized by the handle, which is no longer curved at the front, the longer palm safety device and the non-corrugated joint heads. The first weapons manufactured up to about serial number 55000 had red handles made from canevasite and magazine buttons, these were brittle, so other plastics were used later. For the lettering of the weapon, see the attached picture.
Trials, rifles, cutaway models
In the Federal Model Collection, today in Thun, there are various pistols from the experiments that took place from 1894 onwards. In addition to pistols from other manufacturers is located there
- a Borchardt pistol 1893, serial number 95,
- a pistol System Luger 1898, serial number 5
- a pistol system Luger 1899 serial number 19.
- there are only drawings of the Borchardt-Luger 1897 / patent 1898 pistol.
As early as 1912, after various reviews by the press and officers, test shooting was carried out with a 06 pistol in caliber 9 mm, barrel length 150 mm, a Spanish Bayard pistol and various Browning pistols. In the Federal Model Collection in Thun there are also various 1900/06 pistols with removable stock, longer magazine, in various barrel lengths up to 325 mm (with this weapon the sight, which can be adjusted from 50 to 300 m, is attached to the barrel). A short-barreled pistol 1900/06 has a folding stock with the inscription PATENT BENKE THIEMANN DRPuAP
After 1947, some 06/29 pistols were manufactured as target pistols with a micro-sight, higher front sight saddle and modified grip, others with a front sight that could be adjusted laterally with microscrews. The serial numbers of these weapons are between P 78'106 and P 78'216.
literature
- Alexander Stucki: The last Swiss Parabellum variant. In: SWM (Schweizer Waffenmagazin) 3/2016 pp. 4–7
- Kriss Reinhart, Jürg A. Meier: Pistols and revolvers in Switzerland since 1720 . Stocker-Schmid, 1998, ISBN 3-7276-7128-9 .
- Eugen Heer: The handguns from 1850 to the present . Akademische Druck und Verlagsanstalt, Graz - Austria 1976, ISBN 3-201-00967-9 .
- Gerhard Bock, Charlottenburg: Modern handguns . J. Neumann, Neudamm, Germany 1911.
- Clement Bosson: Poor individual you Soldat Suisse . Editions Pierre-Marcel Favre, Publi SA, Lausanne 1980, ISBN 2-8289-0035-5 .
- Switzerland. Military Department: Instructions for Knowing and Handling the 1900 Pistol . Bern, Switzerland 1901.
- Switzerland. Military Department : Instructions for knowing and handling the 1900/06 pistol (also applies to the 1906/29 pistol) . Bern, Switzerland 1911.