Partner work
Partner work is a social form that can be used in school lessons , but is also common in companies , public services or in professional life . It is about the cooperation of two people on a common task.
general requirements
Partner work can serve educational purposes in social behavior, the promotion of communication and cooperation, the improvement of the climate in a professional field of work, the joint solution of difficult tasks or the mutual protection in dangerous operations. The partner work is used in school learning processes as well as in police patrol duty, in investigating crimes, in medical support services or in doctors 'and lawyers' offices. It guarantees mutual support for complex tasks and can promote the sense of unity in the department. In addition, according to the findings of psychology, there is a basic human need for an exchange based on partnership when learning as well as when exercising a profession.
Partner work in school
As is almost a matter of course when learning outside of school in the peer group and with friendships, the school must also lead from isolation of learning to social learning processes , with partner and group work having an essential didactic function. This is an all-subject task.
The aim of the school partner work is to improve the social interaction of the students , to train their communication and cooperation skills and to improve their motivation and performance through the exchange of ideas and mutual help . The acceptance of otherness is promoted. In addition, there is a way to positively use the students' natural need for exchange for teaching .
Working in a partner is positive for the development of a child , as it helps in social interaction and a. learns to represent his interests and opinions and to get to know other views.
The interaction is encouraged by the fact that the teacher selects a task in which dialogue is inevitable and the students are asked to help each other or to express their constructive criticism of the other's ideas, which is also more likely from the partner in this type of work is accepted because this criticism is not "public".
In terms of organization, partner work is also a form of work that can also be implemented in class at short notice .
Problems that can arise in partner work are an increased time requirement, an inadequate assessment of the student regarding their own contribution to the achievement or an occupation of the students with unrelated topics. This can be counteracted by having the teacher give the student an account of the result of the work and comment on it.
If the pupils are not yet familiar with the social form, it is advisable to start with short group work (5–10 minutes) and a simple form of partner work (conversation with people sitting next to each other, mutual checks or collective tasks). What is important is a concrete and understandable task, ideally formulated verbally and in writing.
For younger students, partner work can help improve spelling and reading skills. Mutual correction generally leads to better learning outcomes. During reading training, the students can silently read a text several times and then read it to their neighbor, who then corrects it if necessary. In partner dictation, the pupils take turns dictating a text, with the dictating pupil interrupting the writer if he is about to make a mistake and encouraging him to recognize the mistake and giving him hints or revealing the correct spelling. It makes sense for the poorly performing student to start dictating in order to be able to memorize the words better, although the teacher should generally ensure that pairs of homogeneous performance (and not always the same pair) come together.
In order to ensure a positive result of the partner work for the lesson and the social behavior, the teacher should not only monitor the factual result, but also the partnership attitude of the students and help in the event of a dispute, but otherwise intervene as little as possible in the process .
If the partner work is expanded, one speaks of group work . Partner work can serve as a preliminary form for practicing in group lessons.
Partner work in public and professional life
Appropriate partnership-based behavior is a basic requirement for compatible human coexistence. “Communicating with one another” means “dealing with one another.” Basically at school, it should also be possible to implement it in public areas such as traffic and professional life.
Patrols of police officers , soldiers , security services , metro stations , clerk's office employees , factory policemen , lifeguards , lifeguards , as well as customs officers or bailiffs need for safety reasons, the partners work. Doctors' offices and law firms work more economically and factually more effectively if they divide up the complex areas of responsibility in partnership. But craft businesses also benefit from a functioning collaboration between employees.
literature
- Joachim Bauer : The principle of humanity. Why we cooperate naturally. 7th edition, Heyne, Munich 2014.
- Alfons Simon, partnership in class, children learn with and from each other . R. Oldenburg, Munich 1959
- Michael Tomasello : Why we cooperate. Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-518-26036-4 .
- Siegbert A. Warwitz : Relationship to partners as a behavioral standard . In: Ders .: Traffic education from the child. Perceiving-playing-thinking-acting , Schneider-Verlag, 6th edition, Baltmannsweiler 2009. ISBN 978-3-8340-0563-2 . Pp. 157-189.
- Margit Weidner: Cooperative learning in class. The workbook. , Kallmeyer, Seelze-Velber 2003, ISBN 3-7800-4934-1
Individual evidence
- ↑ Joachim Bauer: Principle of humanity. Why we cooperate naturally. 7th edition, Heyne, Munich 2014
- ^ Siegbert A. Warwitz: Relationship to a partner as a behavioral standard . In: Ders .: Traffic education from the child. Perceiving-playing-thinking-acting , Schneider-Verlag, 6th edition, Baltmannsweiler 2009, pp. 157–189
- ^ Margit Weidner: Cooperative learning in the classroom. The workbook. , Kallmeyer, Seelze-Velber 2003
- ^ Margit Weidner: Cooperative learning in the classroom. The workbook. , Kallmeyer, Seelze-Velber 2003
- ^ Siegbert A. Warwitz: Relationship to a partner as a behavioral standard . In: Ders .: Traffic education from the child. Perceiving-playing-thinking-acting , Schneider-Verlag, 6th edition, Baltmannsweiler 2009, pp. 157–189
- ↑ Michael Tomasello: Why we cooperate. Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin 2010