Patagonian spur tyrant
| Patagonian spur tyrant | ||||||||||||
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Patagonian spur tyrant ♂ |
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| Lessonia rufa | ||||||||||||
| ( Gmelin , 1789) |
The Austral Negrito ( Lessonia rufa ) is a species of bird from the family of tyrants (Tyrannidae). The distribution area of this monotypical species is common over the entire southern cone . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .
features
The Patagonian spur tyrant a body length of about 11.5 cm. The males are black with a red-brown back. The outer hand wings two and three converge to a point. The upper head of the female is dark in color with light brown-gray hems. The neck band is dark brown while the back and shoulder feathers are matte red brown. The elytra are lined with reddish brown in the new plumage. The rump and top of the tail are blackish brown with white outside flags on the tail. The whitish reins, over-eye stripes and front cheeks are traversed by gray-brown lines. The underside is whitish ocher, with broad, fuzzy gray-brown lines running through the chest and sides. The flanks and the middle abdominal area, as well as the cloaca are yellow-brown to whitish in color. Small cinnamon-colored spots adorn the under flights. Young animals are similar to the females but have a reddish color on the back. After two months this changes to immature plumage, which they wear for about six months.
distribution and habitat
The bird moves at heights mostly in swamps and on lake shores. Nevertheless, it can also be observed in dry floodplain landscapes and on the Great Tierra del Fuego Island in hilly areas and even open stretches of land. They breed from sea level to 2000 meters above sea level. Its distribution area extends from the Región de Tarapacá in northern Chile through the northwest of Argentina and Uruguay to the south of the Great Tierra del Fuego Island.
behavior
The Patagonian spur tyrants are very territorial. They like to sit on tussock tussocks . In the hunt for prey, they run quickly across the ground. Every now and then they also hunt in the bushes. During the bird migration they are in groups of up to 50 same-sex animals. In winter you can only meet them in small, scattered groups. In warm weather they also visit the seashore right up to the water. During the courtship season, the male flies like a butterfly at heights between 10 and 15 meters in order to attract the attention of the females. They migrate to the southern areas of their range and back. The males arrive on Tierra del Fuego Island in mid-September and finally return in December to January. The females reach Tierra del Fuego at the beginning of October and return with the young between February and March.
Reproduction
In northern Chile they lay their eggs in September, on the Chilean coast in October, in the mountains and southern Chile in November, in the province of Santa Cruz in Argentina in December and on Tierra del Fuego between October and January. It is believed that they breed twice a year.
Vocalizations
Your warning call sounds like tjit-tjit-tjit . Contact is made via a short twittering.
Etymology and history of research
Johann Friedrich Gmelin described the species in 1789 under the name Alauda rufa . In 1830 it was described again, this time by René Primevère Lesson as Anthus sordidus . William Swainson , who received the type specimen from Lesson for investigation, established the new genus Lessonia for the species in 1832 .
The Latin word "rufus, rufa" means "red, reddish, fox-red", "sordidus" means "black, dirty".
literature
- Jon Fjeldså , Niels Krabbe : Birds of the High Andes: A Manual to the Birds of the Temperate Zone of the Andes and Patagonia, South America . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 1990, ISBN 87-88757-16-1 .
- James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
- Johann Friedrich Gmelin: Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis . tape 1 , no. 1 . Impensis Georg. Emanuel. Beer, Leipzig 1788 ( online [accessed July 20, 2013]).
- William Swainson, John Richardson : Fauna boreali-americana, or, The zoology of the northern parts of British America : containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, RN Band 2 . John Murray, London 1831 ( online [accessed July 20, 2013]).
- René Primevère Lesson, Prosper Garnot : Voyage autour du monde: exécuté par ordre du roi, sur la corvette de Sa Majesté, la Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824, et 1825: sous le Ministère et conformément aux instructions de SEM le Marquis de Clermont (= zoology . Volume 1 , no. 2 ). Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1828 ( online [accessed July 20, 2013]).
Web links
- Lessonia rufa inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Endangered Species . Posted by: BirdLife International, 2012.2. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
- BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Patagonian Negrito ( Lessonia rufa ) . Retrieved July 20, 2013.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings on Austral Negrito (Lessonia rufa) in the Internet Bird Collection
- Patagonian spur tyrant ( Lessonia rufa ) at Avibase; Retrieved July 20, 2013.
- Lessonia rufa in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved July 20, 2013.
- xeno-canto: sound recordings - Austral Negrito ( Lessonia rufa )