Periegops

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Periegops
Systematics
Class : Arachnids (arachnida)
Order : Spiders (Araneae)
Subordination : Real spiders (Araneomorphae)
Superfamily : Scytodoidea
Family : Periegopidae
Genre : Periegops
Scientific name of the  family
Periegopidae
Simon , 1893
Scientific name of the  genus
Periegops
Simon , 1893

Periegops (to gr. Περιηγ-έομαι ( periḗgeomai ) "show around, show in outline" and ὄψ ( óps ) "eye, face") is the only genus of the family Periegopidae within the real spiders (Araneomorphae). The genus includes only three species that occur in Australia and New Zealand . (Status: February 2016)

features

They are relatively small spiders with a body length of about 6 to 10 millimeters. The prosoma is longer than it is wide, flattened without a central pit (fovea). It is orange in color, darkened to orange-brown towards the front, with dark longitudinal lines, and the underside (the sternum) is also orange. The six eyes are arranged in three widely separated groups of two, one in the middle and two on the sides near the front edge of the prosoma. The abdomen (opisthosoma) is colored yellow-gray, with a drawing of six narrow, dark angular bands on the upper side, which are connected by a dark central band. The legs are also solid yellow-gray to yellow-brown. The length of the pairs of legs usually decreases in the order I - IV - II - III, but the first and fourth pair of females can also be the same length. The short chelicerae have a lamellar extension on the underside, on the front edge they have a row of seven to eight teeth. They are fused to one another at the bases and are therefore immobile. On the outside of the female there are parallel grooves for stridulation . The legs have three claws. The front claws on the first two pairs of legs each have a double row of comb teeth, the rear claws of the same a single row.

Periegops is one of the haplogyne spiders with simply built mating organs. The pedipalps of the males have a simple globe with a short, curved embolus; The rolled-up sperm duct often shines through within the globe. The female mating organs are also simply built: the area in front of the epigastric furrow is somewhat sclerotized, inside there is a pore plate with cup-shaped invaginations.

Distribution and Biology

The species of the genus are restricted to New Zealand and Australia, where they only colonize tiny, island-like distribution areas. All species are ground-living (epigeic) in forests. The Australian species has been found in two rainforests in Queensland , otherwise almost nothing is known about them. The New Zealand species live in the leaf litter of older, primary beech and stone beech forests. The species are active hunters and do not build nets, but they do build hiding places lined with spider silk, which are often found on the underside of lying dead wood. As far as is known, they are nocturnal.

Systematics

The genus was raised to the status of a family by RR Forster in 1995 and separated from the Archaeidae . The World Spider Catalog currently lists only three species of the genus Periegops . (Status: February 2016)

According to morphological characteristics, the genus is closely related to the Drymusa genus , which is widespread in South Africa and South America and is part of a monotypical family Drymusidae . In a cladistic analysis on the basis of morphological features, the monophyly of the two families could not be confirmed with certainty against each other; Sister group of the common clade would be the food spiders (family Scytodidae).

literature

  • Raymond R. Forster (1995): The Australasian spider family Periegopidae Simon, 1893 (Araneae: Sicarioidea). Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement No. 52: 91-105.
  • Facundo M. Labarque & Martin J. Ramirez (2012): The placement of the spider genus Periegops and the phylogeny of Scytodoidea (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Zootaxa 3312: 1-44.
  • Cor J. Vink (2006): The spider Periegops suteri (Araneae: Periegopidae): description, ecology, localities and management recommendations. The Weta 31: 34-39.
  • Cor J. Vink, N. Dupérré, J. Malumbres-Olarte: Periegopidae. Fauna of New Zealand 70.41 S. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand 2013.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.0 - Periegops . Retrieved February 1, 2016.

Web links

Periegops in the World Spider Catalog