Peripheralization

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Processes of an economic, socio-economic and political nature are referred to as peripheralization (from the periphery = "environment" or "environment", usually meant as the environment of a city or region as opposed to the core area or center), particularly those of individual regions or entire countries Developing countries are pushed to the edge of global systems of relationships and thus to the edge of political and social interests.

The term is also used in connection with general thought processes, thinking habits or ideologies that are aimed at excluding certain social groups, one-sidedly influencing or even consciously disrupting the harmony or development of an orderly interaction of form-like units. This happens in that, for example, certain social prejudices, controversial values ​​and premises are socio-economically favored. (a)

Synonyms

The on-the-edge-insistence of certain social groups or promote certain cultural rehearsed, but not logically durable beliefs and thought processes is often synonymous as marginalization referred. In psychological parlance one can also speak of repression .

Ethnopsychiatry

In biopsychology, peripheralization is, so to speak, the opposite of centralization

In ethno-psychiatry , the function of the shaman is seen in the fact that he sees the individually embarrassing and fear-inducing feelings of the people who visit him as collectively less disturbing facts and thus recognizes them as such on behalf of the collective. So the expression of certain disturbing affects z. B. not understood as a disturbance of the "understanding", but as a decrease in "hearing". (b) From the outside, the “hearing ability” takes on the special role of an organ in the sense of organon (ancient Greek “tool”). It thus receives a status that is socially ascribed to it , even though it is more likely to be perceived as a possibly deficient general intellectual ability in the subjective state of mind . In this context, it should be remembered that various bodily functions in which the life process manifests itself have a clearly "private" character that gives rise to feelings of shame in public. Other activities and in particular the work character of an activity and work are less affected by “public” condemnation.

In terms of organism , the term “hearing” in the example mentioned is understood less holistically , but rather decentralized and autonomous in the sense of self-relief and in contrast to the biological development principle of centralization . See also the contrast between resomatization and desomatization. In the terminology of ethnopsychoanalysis, one can speak of a collective process of converting disturbing affects into affect correlates or affect equivalents , which requires sanctioning .

Georges Devereux describes this process as “peripheralization” because it relieves the core of the personality, namely the self . He also sees this as a general development principle of organ functions, which can also be understood as an organization . This principle consists in the so-called autonomy of the organs. Autonomous organs relieve the self as the center of conscious experience from performing many different tasks. These deliberate strains can often lead to organ self-mutilation . So it is a principle of development that is contrary to centralization. On the other hand, the importance of the self as a psychologically integrating entity should not be overlooked. However, it should not be expected that the process of peripheralization will awaken insight into the disease and thus a prerequisite for overcoming and dealing with a disturbing illness or trauma . (c)

Collective action

The authors Dorothee Roer and Dieter Henkel speak of biologization and the biological paradigm . This is a criticism of the earlier one-sided medical concept of illness in classical German psychiatry , which ignored the social question . With the help of this concept of illness, arbitrary exclusion practices of institutional psychiatry and their preferred methods of forced treatment should be covered up and given a claim to legitimacy. Due to the hereditary hypothesis and the racial theories , this claim was mainly realized during the time of National Socialism and ultimately led to the extermination practices of the killing centers . What can be described as ideology on the level of collective action can be understood individually psychologically as rationalization in the sense of a defense mechanism. It is well known from everyday experience that ideas are often enough used to add motives justifying our actions instead of real ones.

literature

  • Eva Barlösius & Claudia Neu (eds.): Peripherization - a new form of social inequality? Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Berlin, February 2008.
  • Gabi Troeger-Weiß : Marginalization and peripheralization of cities and communities . Technical University of Kaiserslautern.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Georges Devereux : Normal and abnormal. Essays on general ethnopsychiatry. [1974] Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt, ISBN 3-518-06390-1 :
    (a) p. 286 ff. On taxation “peripheralization”;
    (b) p. 287 on taxation “organic thinking habits”;
    (c) pp. 47, 274, 277, 281, (283 f.) on stw. "insight into disease".
  2. ↑ Hannah Arendt (English original title): The Human Condition . [1958]; German transl. Vita activa or From active life . 3rd edition, R. Piper, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-492-00517-9 ; P. 100 f. to tax authority "body functions".
  3. ^ Sven Olaf Hoffmann and G. Hochapfel: Theory of Neuroses, Psychotherapeutic and Psychosomatic Medicine. [1999], 6th edition, Compact Textbook, Schattauer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-7945-1960-4 ; P. 255 f. to Stw. "Autonomous dysfunctions, sanctions".
  4. ^ Dorothee Roer & Dieter Henkel: Psychiatry in Fascism . Hadamar Asylum. [1986] Psychiatrie-Verlag Bonn, 400 pages, ISBN 3-88414-079-5 New foreword from 2nd edition 1996 and 6th unchanged edition, Mabuse Frankfurt 2019, ISBN 978-3929106206 ; P. 17, 19 on tax. “Biologization, biological paradigm” and p. 152 on tax. “Barbarism”.
  5. ↑ Jürgen Habermas : Knowledge and Interest . In: Technology and Science as »Ideology«. [1965 Merkur], 4th edition, Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt, Edition 287, 1970 ( 1 1968); P. 159 on tax "Rationalization".