Pervomajskyi (island)

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Pervomayskyi
Ground plan of the Pervomajskyi Island, Black Sea, Mykolaiv Oblast
Floor plan of the island
Pervomajskyi (Island) (Mykolaiv Oblast)
Pervomayskyi
Pervomayskyi
Black Sea
Mykolaiv Oblast
Waters Black Sea
Geographical location 46 ° 34 ′  N , 31 ° 34 ′  E Coordinates: 46 ° 34 ′  N , 31 ° 34 ′  E
Pervomajskyi (island) (Ukraine)
Pervomajskyi (island)
Residents uninhabited

The island of Pervomajskyj (Ukrainian [Острів] Первомайський ; Russian [остров] Первомайский / Perwomaiski , German: May 1st [island]), also May Island, is an artificially created island at the end of 1895 at the end of the Ukrainian port city of Oshaki , three kilometers south of the Ukrainian port of the Dnieper Bug Liman to the Black Sea. Pervomajskyj is strategically located behind a strait between Ochakiv in the north and the end of the headland of the Kinburn Peninsula in the south (declared Kinburnskaya Kossa Landscape Park in 1992 ).

The initiative to build islands - as a supplement to the Kinburn sea ​​fortress - during the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) goes back to the Russian general Alexander Suvorov (1730–1800). The fortress builder was the German-Baltic General Eduard Totleben (1818–1884). The 25-year construction phase ended in 1895. The island's first name was "Island of Artillery Batteries " (остров Артиллерийской батареиw). The island was supposed to close the Dnepr-Bug-Liman and use the cannons to repel Turkish attacks on the cities of Kherson , Mykolaiv and Ochakiv .

After the Russian Revolution in 1905 , Pyotr Schmidt (1867-1906), one of the leaders of the Sevastopol uprising, was imprisoned on May Island before his execution on the neighboring island of Beresan . Schmidt is the main character of Pasternak's poem "Leutnant Schmidt" (Лейтенант Шмидт) and namesake of the oldest (1840) St. Petersburg bridge over the Neva, the former Leutnant Schmidt Bridge (today Blagoveschensky Bridge ).

Since 1961, the 17th Brigade of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet , a combat swimmer (боевых пловцов) special unit (also marine saboteurs , морских диверсантов, or Navy SEALs, морских котиков) was stationed on the island. During the August putsch in Moscow in 1991, the 70 elite soldiers stationed in Moscow refused to monitor the deposed Soviet President Gorbachev in his dacha in Foros (South Crimea). After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the remaining Ukrainian soldiers (the others were allowed to leave the unit) were the first military unit to swear allegiance to the independent Ukraine. In August 2004 the unit was relocated to the mainland. The island has been for sale since 2005.

The island is not to be confused with the Russian Fort Totleben in the Gulf of Finland near Kronstadt .

literature

  • Marc Höpfner : The secret island. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung. October 15, 2006, ZDB -ID 2061313-1 , pp. 72-73.
  • Daniel Klyachin: Секретный остров. на голодном пайке ( Secret Island ), In: День (Daily, Ukrainian newspaper), No. 154, August 14, 1998 (Russian)

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