Kinburn
| Kinburn | ||
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 Kinburn in the 1830s |
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| Alternative name (s): | Кінбурн, Kilburun | |
| Creation time : | 16th Century | |
| Conservation status: | looped | |
| Place: |
Pokrovsk , Mykolaiv Oblast , Ukraine
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| Geographical location | 46 ° 32 '46.5 " N , 31 ° 32' 45.8" E | |
| Height: | 3 m | |
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Kinburn ( Ukrainian Кінбурн ; Turkish Kilburun - translated "fine (narrow) headland") is a fortification built by the Ottomans to secure the Dnepr estuary in the 16th century on a spit of the Kinburn Peninsula in the south of today's Ukraine .
Together with the Ochakiv fortress on the opposite bank of the Kinburn Canal , the mouth of the Dnepr-Bug Liman into the Black Sea , it controlled shipping and trade with Ukraine.
history
The fortress, armed with long-range cannons, had a stone wall about 100 meters long that surrounded 80 houses and a mosque. The garrison stationed within the fortress lived with their families, a total of around 500 to 700 people. Kinburn was a center of the slave trade and was targeted by the Zaporozhian Cossacks in 1669, 1688 and 1692 .
During the Russo-Austrian Turkish War of 1736–1739 , the fortress was conquered on June 8, 1736 by Russian troops and Zaporozhian Cossacks, but in 1739 it was returned to the Turks. In the course of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) Kinburn was besieged between 1771 and 1773, stormed several times and ceded to the Russian Empire in 1774 in the Peace of Küçük Kaynarca .
Battle of Kinburn (1787)
In the Russo-Turkish War from 1787 to 1792 Kinburn was the first target of the Ottoman troops in October 1787 . The attack took place due to the strategic location of the fortress near the Ottoman fortress Ochakiv and the naval base of the Russian Black Sea Fleet in Cherson , which ideally could be eliminated and a Russian attack on Ochakiv could be prevented. In addition, rule over Kinburn would have been a crucial step in restoring Ottoman control over Crimea .
However, the Kinburn fortress was successfully defended by the Russian army under Alexander Suvorov and the 5000 Janissaries who landed on October 12, 1787 were defeated. As a result of the war in 1790 on the orders of was Grigori Potemkin , the artificial island Pervomaiskyi in the Dnieper-Bug Estuary built to to monitor in addition to the fortress Kinburn, the entry of vessels into the Dneprmündung and stationed there cannon attacks of the Ottomans on to repel the cities of Kherson , Mykolaiv and Ochakiv.
Battle of Kinburn (1855)
In the middle of the 19th century, the fortress was expanded into a square fort with corner towers, a battery and a circular moat, equipped with 62 cannons and increased to 1,400 soldiers. During the Crimean War , a battle for the fortress took place in October 1855. On October 15, 4,000 soldiers of the Anglo-French troops landed on the peninsula and cut off the fortress on the land side while the Anglo - French fleet, under the command of Edmund Lyons on the HMS Agamemnon , bombed the fortress. After a brief resistance, the fort's crew surrendered on October 17, 1855. After the war, Kinburn was no longer repaired and finally demolished in 1857 .
At the moment there are only remains of earth walls and moats.
Web links
proof
- ↑ Kinburn Garrison under the command of A. Suvorov defeated the Janissaries in the Second Russo-Turkish War on portal-slovo.ru , accessed on July 28, 2015
- ↑ Militair-Conversations-Lexikon, Volume 4, Page 284 - Meeting at Kinburn 1787 , accessed July 28, 2015
- ^ Andrew Lambert : Battleships in Transition. The Creation of the Steam Battlefleet 1815-1860. Conway Maritime Press, London 1984, ISBN 0-85177-315-X
- ↑ Article on Kinburn in the Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine ; accessed on July 28, 2015 (Ukrainian)