Peter August d'Orville

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Peter August d'Orville (occasionally Pierre Auguste d'Orville , May 3 . Jul / 15. May  1804 greg. In St. Petersburg ; † 11. November 1864 in Regensburg ) was a German chess composer .

Life

Peter August d'Orville came from a merchant family who emigrated from Valenciennes to Antwerp and today's Germany in the 16th century. Eight generations of the family lived in Frankfurt am Main . Before his son Peter August was born, Pierre d'Orville (* July 24, 1778 in Offenbach; † June 4, 1829 in Regensburg) took over a snuff factory in Offenbach am Main . He later moved to St. Petersburg, where on May 22, 1802 he married Dorothea Amburger (born November 10, 1783 in St. Petersburg; † January 21, 1809 in Offenbach) as his second wife and started a tobacco factory took over. Peter August d'Orville was born there.

Peter August d'Orville also became a businessman and lived in Antwerp for a long time. His uncle was the mayor of Offenbach, Peter Georg d'Orville .

A family tree is attached to the local history museum of the Offenbach History Association .

Chess composition

Peter August d'Orville
Le Palamède, October 1837
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Mate in 5 moves

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Peter August d'Orville, along with Horatio Bolton, is considered to be one of the founders of modern chess composition, which replaced the mansubes style with economic representations, including demands. For the first time, he also placed the matt image in the foreground. It is possible that he was the first to show silent dragging-in victims.

The modern two-move, i.e. mating tasks in two moves, is traced back to d'Orville.

D'Orville's tasks appeared in the chess magazine Le Palamède from mid-1836 . In 1842 he published a collection of 250 of his own chess problems. After 1850, tasks by d'Orville were rarely published.

The problem in the diagram shows two silent victims and an ideal mate : 1. Nf6 – h5! h7 – h6 2. Nc8 – e7 Kh8 – h7 3. Ne7 – g6! Kh7xg6 4. Bc4 – g8 Kg6xh5 5. Bg8 – f7 mate .

research

Not much was known about Peter August d'Orville until the early 20th century. It was not until 1918 that an article by O. Koch appeared in the Deutsche Schachblättern , in which personal details of d'Orville were given. Previously, no notes about d'Orville were known and therefore his nationality was also unclear.

literature

  • Ignaas Vandemeulebroucke: August d'Orville "du club d'Anvers". A historical portrait of a pioneer in schaakproblematiek. Merksem 1983

Individual references and sources

  1. ↑ a b Manfred Zucker : Great German Problem Master (3) . In: Schach , No. 6, 1993, p. 76
  2. ↑ a b c The Swallow , June 2004: Calendar sheet
  3. ^ A b Genealogy Data
  4. ↑ Herbert Grasemann : A Reverends idea that made history . Self-published. Chapter 11, pp. 19-20
  5. ↑ a b c Johannes Kohtz and Carl Kockelkorn: The Indian problem . Schachverlag Hans Hedewig's successor Curt Ronninger. Leipzig 1903. pp. 13-20
personal data
SURNAME Orville, Peter August d '
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Orville, Pierre Auguste d '
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chess composer
DATE OF BIRTH May 15, 1804
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH November 11, 1864
Place of death regensburg