Petropavlovsk class
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|---|---|
| Petropavlovsk- class | |
 Petropavlovsk |
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| Overview | |
| Type | Ship of the line |
| units | 3 |
| Shipyard | |
| Order | 1892 |
| Keel laying | from May 1892 |
| Launch | from November 1894 |
| delivery | 1897 |
| Namesake | major battles |
| period of service |
1897–1904, 1916–1918 Russian Navy 1908–1916 Japanese Navy |
| Whereabouts |
March 31, 1904 Petropavlovsk sunk after being hit by a mine December 5, 1904 Poltava sunk in Port Arthur, 1923 canceled January 2, 1905 Sevastopol sunk before Port Arthur |
| Technical specifications | |
| displacement |
10,960 t construction displacement |
| length |
112.5 m in the waterline |
| width |
21.3 m |
| Draft |
8.6 m |
| crew |
662 men |
| drive |
14 cylinder steam boiler |
| speed |
16.8 kn |
| Range |
3,790 nm at kn (1310 t coal) |
| Armament |
|
| Harvey armor |
|
| Sister ships |
Poltava , Sevastopol |
The Petropavlovsk- class was a class of three ships of the line that were completed for the Imperial Russian Navy in 1897 as the Petropavlovsk , Poltava and Sevastopol . The three ships of the class were transferred to the Pacific Squadron and used in the Russo-Japanese War , in which they were lost. Lifted and repaired, the Poltava came into service with the Japanese fleet as a Tango and returned to Russian service in 1916 as a Tschesma .
Building history
background
In response to the expansion of the German Imperial Navy , the Russian Navy developed a program to expand its Baltic fleet in 1890 . The program included the plan to build ten ships of the line, three armored cruisers , three gunboats and 50 torpedo boats . The ship of the line Sissoi Veliki was the first ship built according to this plan. A series of three ships of the line should be built on it.
draft
The design for the Petropavlovsk was approved in January 1891. An improved version of the ship of the line Imperator Nikolai I was to be built with additional barbeds for four 203 mm cannons. The armor should contain a full underwater belt and the hull should be arched over it. The Imperator Nikolai I was chosen because she had recognized sea qualities.
The original draft was completely revised and the armor completely redesigned. The armament was also changed after construction began. The barbeds were replaced by turrets for the main and secondary artillery, and the 203-mm cannons were replaced by the introduced Canet- type cannons . As a result, the new ships of the line did not resemble the Imperator Nikolai I at all.
The armored belt was typical of the ships of the line at the time and, with a length of 73.15 m, protected 65% of the hull. He was 2.29 m high, of which were usually 1.39 m under water. The quality of the armor varied. Most of the vertical armor was made of nickel steel supplied by the Russian company Ischorski Sawod . The main parts of the armor belt had been purchased from the Bethlehem Iron Company in the USA .
As the main armament, the ships received two twin turrets with newly developed 305 mm guns with a barrel length of 40 calibers from the Obuchow state enterprise . The towers could shoot with an elevation of 15 °. There were 50 rounds for each gun.
Deviating from the original plan of eight 203 mm L / 35 cannons, twelve 152 mm L / 45 cannons from Canet were finally installed as medium artillery, eight of which were installed in four twin towers. The front twin towers had a range of rotation from 0 to 130 °, the rear from 45 to 180 °. 200 shells per gun were available for the middle artillery.
The defensive armament against torpedo boats consisted of ten 47 mm L / 44 and 28 37 mm L / 23 Hotchkiss cannons. Two 64 mm L / 19 landing guns of the Baranowski type were still available for landing operations. When completed, the ships had black hulls and yellow funnels; In 1904, after a few changes, they were painted completely olive green.
The ships
- The Petropavlovsk ( Петропавловск ) - named after the siege of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in the Crimean War , was started in May 1892 at the Galerny shipyard in St. Petersburg, was launched in November 1894 and was put into service in 1897. From October 1899 she was transferred to the Pacific Squadron and in March 1904 became the flagship of Admiral Stepan Makarov . She sank through a Japanese mine on March 31, 1904. Admiral Makarow died when the ship went down.
- The Poltava ( Полтава ) - named after the Battle of Poltava , was started in May 1892 at the Admiralty Shipyard in St. Petersburg, launched in November 1894 and entered service in 1897. In 1900 she moved to Port Arthur to the Pacific Squadron. The ship fought in the sea battle in the Yellow Sea in 1904 and then returned to Port Arthur, severely damaged, where it was sunk during the siege. The ship, which sank in shallow water, was then lifted by the Japanese, repaired and placed in the service of the Imperial Japanese Navy as a Tango (after Tango Province ) . During the First World War it was sold to the allied Russia in 1916 and taken back into service by the Russian Navy as Tschesma ( Чесма ) (named after the naval battle of Çeşme ). It moved from the Pacific through the Mediterranean to the Barents Sea . It was confiscated by the British in Murmansk during the Russian Civil War as part of Allied intervention. However, the ship was neither operational nor worth repairing and was demolished in 1923.
- Sevastopol ( Севастополь ) - named after the city of Sevastopol and its siege in the Crimean War, began in May 1892 at the Galerny shipyard in St. Petersburg, launched in June 1895 and entered service in 1899. In 1900 she moved to Port Arthur to the Pacific Squadron. The ship fought in the Sea Battle in the Yellow Sea in 1904 and then returned to Port Arthur. It was used mobile to defend the base andsunk outside the portby the commandant Nikolaus von Essen before the surrender. A rescue was not carried out because of the severe damage and the water depth of the sinking point.
literature
- Robert A. Burt: Japanese Battleships 1897-1945. Arms and Armor Press, ISBN 0-85368-758-7 .
- Tony Gibbons: The Complete Encyclopedia of Battleships and Battlecruisers. 1983.
- Constantine Pleshakov : The Tsar's Last Armada, The Epic Voyage to the Battle Of Tsushima. 2002, ISBN 0-465-05792-6 .
- John Roberts, HC Timewell, Roger Chesneau, Eugene M. Kolesnik (eds.): Warships of the World 1860 to 1905 - Volume 2: USA, Japan and Russia. Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Koblenz 1983, ISBN 3-7637-5403-2 .
Web links
- Poltava class data (Russian)
- R. Melnikow: Battleship Poltava . (Russian); Set with drawings
- Article. (Russian)
- Petropavlovsk Class on battleships cruisers with photos