Alvastra stilt house
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The Alvastra pile dwelling is located in the Dags mosse , a moor near the ruins of the Alvastra Monastery in the municipality of Ödeshög in Östergötland in Sweden . It belongs to the dimpled pottery culture and is dated 3000 BC. Dated. The pile building is unique in Scandinavia. The site was partially investigated at the beginning of the 20th century.
description
In contrast to the open coastal settlements, this dwelling was in the moor. Footbridges led to the bank. The 1000 m² platform was used during the summer months. At the edge of the swamp, a layer of birch and pine trunks had been laid on the Kalk gyttja , on which light huts stood. Stone-framed fireplaces lay on the wooden floors. Objects made of organic material have been preserved more extensively than in other Swedish Stone Age settlements.
Finds
Grains of barley ( Hordeum vulgare f. Hexastichon ), wood, other vegetables and animal bones were found. The bones came from cattle, sheep / goats, pigs, dogs as well as bears , elk , rabbits , deer and red deer.
An amber bead in the form of a double ax of the symmetrical type, which also occurs in passage graves , is unique . The larger devices, such as thick-nosed axes, are made of green stone. A large number of ground and semi-finished double-edged axes made of rock are evidence of the local production of this type of ax. One of the axes was recovered with the wooden shaft. From Flint are drills, arrowheads, scraper, cross-edged arrowheads and windscreen scraper. There are also bone tools: chisels, awls and tube beads and pierced animal teeth and some ceramics in Sater Sater II and III style.
Alvastra is also an important site for early Neolithic pottery .
classification
Alvastra was examined dendrochronologically , but the curve could not yet be integrated into a standard curve.
Agriculture , livestock farming, double-edged axes and organized settlement methods point to the inland settlement of a peasant culture. The ceramic, on the other hand, is pit ceramic . It is therefore possible that the users of the square belonged to this culture, which was largely Neolithic. Presumably they came from the south, through one of the Smaland river valleys to the swamp. This assumption is supported by a pit ceramic settlement with cord ceramic impact near Gisebo / Skärstad on the south bank of Lake Vättern .
literature
- Mårten Stenberger : Nordic prehistory. Volume 4: Prehistory of Sweden. Wachholtz, Neumünster 1977, ISBN 3-529-01805-8 , p. 86.
- Ebba During : The fauna of Alvastra, an osteological analysis of animal bones from a neolithic pile dwelling. Osteological Research Laboratory, University of Stockholm, Solna 1986.
- Hans Göransson : Neolithic man and the forest environment around Alvastra Pile Dwelling. Lund University Press, Lund 1988.
Web links
- Alvastra pile dwelling - entry in the "Fornsök" database of the Riksantikvarieämbetet (Swedish)
- Lexicon entry in the Nationalencyklopedi (Swedish)
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 58 ° 17 ′ 59 ″ N , 14 ° 40 ′ 30 ″ E