Philip Mark

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Philip Mark (also Marc ) († around 1231 or 1234) was a French official in the service of the English kings Johann Ohneland and Heinrich III. He could have been the model for the character of the Sheriff of Nottingham of the Robin Hood legends.

origin

Philip Mark probably came from Touraine in France, which belonged to the Angevin Empire until the beginning of the 13th century . Whether he was of noble descent is disputed. Possibly he came from the Marques family , the lords of Chenonceaux, or was closely related to Engelard de Cigogné . After conquering Touraine in the Franco-English War in 1202 , Mark emigrated to England with his brothers and other relatives, probably around 1204.

Promotion under Johann Ohneland

As early as 1208 King John Ohneland wanted to appoint him Sheriff of Nottingham , but this order was initially postponed for unknown reasons. It was not until the following year that he was appointed Constable of Nottingham Castle and Sheriff of Nottingham. With that Mark had risen to become the leading royal official for Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire . The King visited Nottingham Castle several times, and he often entrusted Mark with large sums of money for safekeeping. In the summer of 1211, Mark had to send supplies and equipment for John's second campaign to Wales . Mark also supported the king against the nobility opposition, which forced the king to recognize the Magna Carta in 1215 . As a so-called foreigner, Mark was so hated by the opposition barons that in Article 50 of the Magna Carta they called for his dismissal from the service of the king. The king did not comply with this demand of the barons, but left Mark in office. During the First Barons' War, which began shortly thereafter , he secured Nottingham and the surrounding Midlands for the king.

Service and fall under Heinrich III.

After the death of King Johann in October 1216, Mark continued to support the Regency Council, which was responsible for the minor Heinrich III. led the government. In 1217 he took part in the siege of Mountsorrel Castle . In Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire, however, he was largely self-sufficient and enriched himself in the process. Due to the civil war, the Regency Council initially had no choice but to keep Mark in office until the king came of age. After the end of the Barons' War in September 1217, Mark had become too powerful as a regional ruler for the Regency Council to dismiss him without difficulty. In 1220, following complaints from the population, the government could only warn him to reduce the number of his forest rangers. Since 1217, Roger de Montbegon , one of the former leading rebels against King John, has been demanding the return of three goods that Mark held. In April 1220, the Mark-influenced court in Nottingham denied Montbegon's claims, and it was only after government intervention that Mark was finally forced to hand over the goods. Mark argued with the Earl of Derby over ownership of the Melbourne estate in Derbyshire. On the other hand, in 1220 and 1221, Mark supported the Regency Council in suppressing the revolt of William de Forz . With the increasing power of the government, however, Mark, like other officials and barons, had to return goods to the crown, which he had occupied since the civil war. In June 1222 he returned Derby , Edwinstone , Ragnall and Carlton to the crown.

It was not until December 28, 1224, that Mark was replaced as sheriff and constable by Ralph Fitz Nicholas, a knight of the royal household. In February 1225 Heinrich III gave him. Melbourne and other possessions in Derbyshire. After his death, his possessions returned to the king.

Family and offspring

Mark was married, but his wife's name is unknown. With her he had at least one daughter, Annora, whom he married to Matthew Hathersage , a knight from Nottinghamshire.

literature

  • JC Holt: Philip Mark and the Shrievalty of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire in the early thirteenth Century. In: Transactions of the Thoroton Society of Nottinghamshire , 56 (1952), pp. 8-24

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Nicholas Vincent: Nicholas Vincent, King John's evil counselors (act. 1208-1214) (Oxford DNB). Retrieved September 10, 2016 .
  2. ^ David Carpenter: The minority of Henry III . University of California Press, Berkeley 1990. ISBN 0-520-07239-1 , p. XVII
  3. ↑ Nicholas Vincent: Nicholas Vincent, King John's evil counselors (act. 1208-1214) (Oxford DNB). Retrieved January 13, 2016 .
  4. ↑ Rickaby, Margaret: Girard d'Athee and the Men from the Touraine. Their roles under King John. Durham University, Dissertation, 2011, p. 37. Retrieved August 30, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Rickaby, Margaret: Girard d'Athee and the Men from the Touraine. Their roles under King John. Durham University, Dissertation, 2011, p. 48. Retrieved August 30, 2016 .
  6. ↑ David Crook: The Sheriff of Nottingham and Robin Hood. The Genesis of a Legend? In: Peter R. Cross, Simon D. Lloyd: Thirteenth century England II. Proceedings of the Newcastle Upon Tyne Conference 1987 . Boydell & Brewer, Woodbridge 1989, ISBN 0-85115-513-8 , p. 62
  7. ↑ Rickaby, Margaret: Girard d'Athee and the Men from the Touraine. Their roles under King John. Durham University, Dissertation, 2011, p. 93. Retrieved August 30, 2016 .
  8. ^ David Carpenter: The minority of Henry III . University of California Press, Berkeley 1990. ISBN 0-520-07239-1 , p. 36
  9. ^ David Carpenter: The minority of Henry III . University of California Press, Berkeley 1990. ISBN 0-520-07239-1 , p. 68
  10. ↑ Nicholas Vincent: Nicholas Vincent, King John's evil counselors (act. 1208-1214) (Oxford DNB). Retrieved September 10, 2016 .
  11. ^ David Carpenter: The minority of Henry III . University of California Press, Berkeley 1990. ISBN 0-520-07239-1 , p. 181
  12. ^ David Carpenter: The minority of Henry III . University of California Press, Berkeley 1990. ISBN 0-520-07239-1 , p. 179
  13. ^ David Carpenter: The minority of Henry III . University of California Press, Berkeley 1990. ISBN 0-520-07239-1 , p. 232
  14. ^ David Carpenter: The minority of Henry III . University of California Press, Berkeley 1990. ISBN 0-520-07239-1 , p. 282
  15. ↑ David Crook: The Sheriff of Nottingham and Robin Hood. The Genesis of a Legend? In: Peter R. Cross, Simon D. Lloyd: Thirteenth century England II. Proceedings of the Newcastle Upon Tyne Conference 1987. Boydell & Brewer, Woodbridge 1989, ISBN 0-85115-513-8 , p. 63
  16. ↑ Rickaby, Margaret: Girard d'Athee and the Men from the Touraine. Their roles under King John. Durham University, Dissertation, 2011, p. 257. Retrieved August 30, 2016 .
  17. ↑ Rickaby, Margaret: Girard d'Athee and the Men from the Touraine. Their roles under King John. Durham University, Dissertation, 2011, p. 251. Retrieved August 30, 2016 .

Category: British

personal data
SURNAME Mark, Philip
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Marc, Philip
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Official in the service of the English kings
DATE OF BIRTH 12th Century
DATE OF DEATH around 1231 or 1234