Redfin catfish
| Redfin catfish | ||||||||||||
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Redfin catfish ( Phractocephalus hemioliopterus ) |
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| Phractocephalus | ||||||||||||
| Agassiz , 1829 | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Phractocephalus hemioliopterus | ||||||||||||
| ( Bloch & Schneider , 1801) |
The red fin catfish ( Phractocephalus hemioliopterus ) is a representative of the antenna catfish (Pimelodidae) up to 1.30 meters tall . They are the only species in the genus Phractocephalus .
Systematics
Phractocephalus hemioliopterus is the only recent species in the genus Phractocephalus . In 2003 the extinct species P. nassi was discovered in the Urumaco Formation in Venezuela. She lived in the Miocene 13 million years ago . Another extinct species has been discovered in the Brazilian state of Acre and has not yet been described in detail.
morphology
Typical of the catfish are its long barbels and red caudal fin.
Occurrence
The red-fin catfish (English redtail catfish or banana catfish , Portuguese pirarara , Spanish cajaro, guacamayo bagre, pejije torre or pez torre ) occurs in northern South America in the Amazon basin , in the Araguaia - Tocantins region and in the Orinoco and Essequibo basin . The species is also found in Colombia , Peru and Bolivia . In 1979 it was introduced from Brazil and Venezuela to the southern states of the USA ( Florida ), where it was not able to establish itself. The red fin catfish lives as a habitat generalist in a variety of habitats, which can be found in large rivers and lowland rivers (main stream, channels and deeper water sections), smaller rivers, v. a. occurs in the area of confluences, but also in seasonally flooded forests (flood forests), freshwater lagoons and swamps.
Way of life
The redfin catfish tolerates water temperatures of 24 to 29 ° C and a pH value of 5 to 9. Phractocephalus hemioliopterus is adapted to a nocturnal way of life. From a body length of approx. 80 cm, the catfish are ready to spawn and spawn at a certain period of the year. In the Río Mamoré ( Bolivia ), for example, the months of January to February are the spawning season. The catfish feed predatory on crabs, shrimp and smaller fish, but do not disdain fruit that has fallen into the water. Phractocephalus hemioliopterus is a ground-dwelling predatory catfish that uses its highly developed chemosensory senses and barbels as tactile organs in the murky and sediment-rich layers of water to track down prey. To do this, he moves slowly near the bottom, looking for prey fish (usually tetra and smaller catfish species ) and often ambushes them as a stalker. He prefers to find shelter between large stones, dead wood and underwater roots. His way of life is adapted to the cycle of rainy and dry seasons. In its natural habitat, the population is declining due to overfishing, environmental changes and water pollution. The migratory movements of the redfin catfish in the Rio Xingu have been scientifically investigated. It turned out that dams form large barriers. The redfin catfish can live up to 15 years in captivity. In dangerous situations, the animals can make clicking noises.
use
Redfin catfish are local food fish in the local markets of the Amazon and Orinoco basins, although they are spurned by many locals for their blackish-colored meat.
literature
- Baensch / Riehl: Aquarium Atlas. Volume 2, Mergus Verlag, Osnabrück, ISBN 3-88244-011-2 .
- Günther Sterba: Freshwater fish in the world. Weltbild Verlag, Augsburg 2002, ISBN 3-89350-991-7 .
- Roberto E. Reis, Sven O. Kullander, Carl J. Ferraris: Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul.
Web links
- Redfin catfish on Fishbase.org (English)
- Tiago Magalhães da Silva Freitas and Luciano Fogaça de Assis Monday: Population and reproductive parameters of the red-tailed catfish, Phractocephalus hemioliopterus ( Pimelodidae : Siluriformes ), from the Xingu River, Brazil. Neotrope. Ichthyol. [online . 2019. Volume 17, No. 2, e190015. Epub July 18, 2019. ISSN 1982-0224. (en.)]
- Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira and Lincoln L Corrêa: New records of crustaceans infesting Phractocephalus hemioliopterus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), the large catfish from the Amazon. Instituto de Biologia. UNAM. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90 • November 2019. (en.)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Neotrope. ichthyol. vol.1 no.2 Porto Alegre Oct./Dec. 2003 " The late Miocene Phractocephalus catfish (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from Urumaco, Venezuela: additional specimens and reinterpretation as a distinct species ."
- ↑ a b c Redfin catfish on Fishbase.org (English)
- ^ US Fish & Wildlife Service. Redtail Catfish ( Phractocephalus hemioliopterus ). Ecological Risk Screening Summary
- ^ Phractocephalus hemioliopterus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). USGS. NAS - Nonindigidenous Aquatic Species
- ↑ Caroline Araújo de Souza, Luiz Henrique Garcia Pereira, Diogo Teruo Hashimoto and Claudio Oliveira: Development and characterization of microsatellite loci in Phractocephalus hemioliopterus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) and their cross-species amplification in six related species. Conservation Genetics Resources 4 (2). June 2011 (en.)
- ↑ Lisiane Hahn, Eduardo G. Martins, Leonardo D. Nunes, Luís Fernando da Câmara, Leonardo S. Machado and Domingos Garrone-Neto: Biotelemetry reveals migratory behavior of large catfish in the Xingu River, Eastern Amazon. Scientific Reports. Volume 9, Article number: 8464 (2019) (en.)
- ^ Herbert R. Axelrod: Exotic Tropical Fishes. TFH Publications, 1996, ISBN 0-87666-543-1