Phyllodocida
| Phyllodocida | ||||||||||||
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Anneleworm of the genus Tomopteris |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Phyllodocida | ||||||||||||
| Dales , 1962 |
Phyllodocida is the name of a subordination mostly on the seabed freely movable, as scavengers or predators living polychaete (Polychaeta) in the order Aciculata and subclass Palpata whose 3500 species are found in oceans worldwide.
features
The Phyllodocida are a few millimeters to over a meter in size and can count over 700 segments . Characteristic for this group are the leaf-like, paddle-shaped parapodia , of which a pair sits on each segment (hence the name of the type genus Phyllodoce from ancient Greek φύλλον phýllon "leaf" and δοκεῖ dokeî "it seems"). The prostomium usually has one or two pairs of eyes, a pair of antennae dorsally , a pair of sensory palps ventrally, and a pair of neck organs. The peristomium is ring-shaped and dorsally often hidden under the prostomium and first segment. The animals have a muscular, evertable axial pharynx with one or more pairs of jaws, which is considered to be the autapomorphism of the phyllodocida. The following segments, in contrast to the posterior ones, usually have enlarged dorsal and ventral cirrus organs and reduced lobes and bristles on the parapodia. In some species, the body appendages mentioned here take on specialized tasks and are designed accordingly, but the segments in most species are very similar across the body, although size and shape can vary somewhat, but without abrupt transitions.
Distribution, habitat and way of life
The Phyllodocida are distributed worldwide in seas , partly also in brackish water , and move as active ground dwellers on sandy or muddy subsoil, dig through the substrate or also live in crevices. Few species build tubes or are pelagic . The jaw-reinforced proboscis enables the animals to grab larger chunks of food - carrion or live prey .
Systematics
According to the systematics according to Rouse & Fauchald from 1998, the suborder Phyllodocida belongs to the order Canalipalpata in the subclass Palpata .
According to this system, the following families belong to the suborder Phyllodocida :
- Acoetidae
- Aphroditidae
- Owlepethidae
- Polynoidae
- Sigalionidae
- Pholoidae
- Chrysopetalidae
- Glyceridae
- Goniadidae
- Paralacydoniidae
- Pisionidae
- Lacydoniidae
- Phyllodocidae
- Nephtyidae
- Nereididae
- Hesionidae
- Pilargidae
- Sphaerodoridae
- Syllidae
literature
- Rodney Phillips Dales (1962): The polychaete stomatodeum and the inter-relationship of the families of the Polychaeta. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 139, pp. 389-428.
- Stanley J. Edmonds: Fauna of Australia, Volume 4A. Polychaetes & Allies. The Southern Synthesis 4. Commonwealth of Australia, 2000. Class Polychaeta. P. 151, Phyllodocida.
- Gregory W. Rouse, Kristian Fauchald (1998): Recent views on the status, delineation, and classification of the Annelida. (PDF). American Zoologist. 38 (6), pp. 953-964. doi: 10.1093 / icb / 38.6.953
- Peter Ax: The system of Metazoa II. A textbook on phylogenetic systematics. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart / Jena 1999. pp. 47–56, chapter Polychaeta : Phyllodocida , p. 52.
Web links
- Fredrik Pleijel and Gregory W. Rouse: Phyllodocida. In: The Tree of Life Web Project, 2004.