Pilargidae
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Synelmis sp. |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| de Saint-Joseph , 1899 |
Pilargidae is the name of a family usually free crawling on the floor sediment, mostly predatory or as commensals living polychaete (Polychaeta), whose approximately 41 species are found in oceans worldwide.
features
The multi-bristle of the family Pilargidae have an elongated, cylindrical or dorsoventrally flattened, sometimes cord-like or inflated body with reduced or completely without parapodia and with simple bristles . They often resemble the Hesionidae in their appearance .
The prostomium can be incised and has two, three, or no antennae at all. The palps are usually bipartite, but can also be fused or reduced. There are usually two pairs of peristomials - cirrus or tentacle cirrus. The pharynx usually has neither jaws nor teeth, but has a circle of terminal papillae. The parapodies are two- branched , but the notopodia are reduced. The bristles of the notopodia are spines, if any, while capillary- shaped and forked bristles and spikes are located on the neuropodia .
distribution
The Pilargidae are distributed in seas around the world on the continental shelf , in the deep sea , along the coasts and in estuaries . Most of them live freely on soft substrates from coarse sand to mud, whereby fine sediments are mostly preferred, and occur in low population densities, never as a dominant species. The East Australian species Sigambra parva lives in the intertidal zone in the Astuars in mud and sand, often between seagrass of the genera Posidonia and Zostera, and the northwest Australian species Sigambra pettiboneae on mud flats , where it swallows sand and detritus . Species of the genera Hermundura and Litocorsa with their reduced heads and parapodia burrow through the sediment.
nutrition
Most Pilargidae are likely to be carnivores , omnivores, or scavengers . Pilargis berkeleyae lives as commensals in the living tubes of various Chaetopteridae and Ancistrosyllis commensalis in the burial tunnels of Capitellidae .
Development cycle
The Pilargidae are probably segregated. Almost nothing is known about their reproduction. Larvae are known of individual species of the genera Pilargis , Ancistrosyllis and Sigambra , which move freely swimming at least up to the stage with 9 to 11 bristle-bearing segments, but already have antennae, cirrus and bristles before they sink down and metamorphose into crawling worms .
Genera
The approximately 41 species of the Pilargidae family belong to 11 genera :
- Otopsis Ditlevsen, 1917
- Ancistrosyllis McIntosh, 1878
- Cabira Webster, 1879
- Glyphohesione Friedrich, 1950
- Pilargis Saint-Joseph, 1899
- Sigambra Müller, 1858
- Sigatargis Misra, 1999
- Hermundura Müller, 1858
- Litocorsa Pearson, 1970
- Pseudexogone Augener, 1922
- Synelmis Chamberlin, 1919 (Synonym Kynephorus Ehlers, 1920 )
literature
- Stanley J. Edmonds: Fauna of Australia, Volume 4A. Polychaetes & Allies. The Southern Synthesis 4. Commonwealth of Australia, 2000. Class Polychaeta. Pp. 197-200, Family Pilargidae.
- Marian Hope Pettibone (1966): Revision of the Pilargidae (Annelida: Polychaeta), including descriptions of new species, and redescriptions of the pelagic Podarmus ploa Chamberlain (Polynoidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 118 (3525), pp. 155-208.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pilargidae Saint-Joseph, 1899. WoRMS , 2018. Accessed December 12, 2018th