Piero Calamandrei

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Piero Calamandrei

Piero Calamandrei (born April 21, 1889 in Florence ; † September 27, 1956 there ) was an Italian lawyer, professor , writer and politician. He was a member of the Constituent Assembly and then the Chamber of Deputies of the Italian Republic .

Life

Calamandrei graduated from the University of Pisa with a law degree in 1912 and then embarked on an academic career. In 1915 he became professor of civil procedural law at the University of Messina . He took part in the First World War as an officer , after which he taught at the University of Modena , from 1919 at the University of Siena and from 1924 at the University of Florence , where he held the chair of civil procedural law until his death.

From 1924 to 1926 Calamandrei was a member of a committee to reform the Italian code of civil procedure. After the murder of the socialist MP Giacomo Matteotti , Calamandrei became a member of the Unione Nazionale , a liberal and anti-fascist party founded by Giovanni Amendola , and of the underground movement Italia Libera . In 1925 he signed the anti-fascist manifesto of a group of intellectuals around Benedetto Croce . During fascism , Calamandrei was one of the few Italian professors who did not join the fascist party , but in 1931 he swore an oath on the fascist government.

After the first failed attempts, the government began work on a new code of civil procedure in 1939. Although Calamandreis political views were known, ultimately one relied mainly on his expertise. Calamandrei was particularly inspired by the lawyer Giuseppe Chiovenda . The new code of civil procedure came into force on April 21, 1942. From 1941 he worked at a legal study center on a multi-volume work on Italian law, in particular on civil procedural law under fascism.

Calamandrei was against Italy's entry into the war on the side of Hitler's Germany. In 1941 he became a member of the resistance movement Giustizia e Libertà , in 1942 he was one of the founders of the left-wing liberal party Partito d'Azione . Since he refused to sign an address of allegiance to Mussolini, he lost his position at the University of Florence. No further measures were taken thanks to advocates in the highest government circles. After Mussolini's dismissal, Calamandrei was appointed rector of the University of Florence on August 31, 1943 , but he was only able to take over this office the following year, when central Italy had been liberated by the Allies . The fascist Italian Social Republic had issued an arrest warrant for Calamandrei. His son Franco fought in the resistance building .

Piero Calamandrei became a member of the provisional advisory body Consulta Nazionale in 1945 and was elected to the Assemblea Costituente the following year , where he was a member of the committee for the drafting of the new republican constitution. His contributions shaped the new constitution in part, but he did not succeed in convincing the parties of his ideas of a parliamentary republic with a strong government. Despite unsatisfactory compromises, he defended the new constitution as a whole as the result of a democratic constituent process.

After the dissolution of his action party, Calamandrei joined the Social Democrats, on whose list he entered the Chamber of Deputies in 1948. In the parliamentary elections in 1953 , he joined the new Unità Popolare movement in order to undermine the new suffrage and the majority bonus enforced by Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi ; the latter could not be activated, whereupon the entire electoral reform failed.

Calamandrei was a member of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei and head of the Institute for Comparative Civil Procedure Law at the University of Florence. As editor-in-chief of the Rivista di diritto processuale , as founder of the magazine Il Ponte and as editor for other media, he was also active as a journalist. Resistance was often the focus of his writing .

Works

Chiamata in garantia , 1913
  • Chiamata in garantia ( it ). Società Edittrice Libraria, Milan 1913.
  • Troppi avvocati! , Quaderni della Voce. Edition 1921.
  • Elogio dei giudici scritto da un avvocato . Le Monnier, Direnze 1935. III edition doubled, Le Monnier, 1954; intro by Paolo Barile, Florence, Ponte alle Grazie, 1989.
  • Delle buone relazioni fra giudici e avvocati nel nuovo processo civile. Due dialoghi , Florence, Le Monnier, 1941
  • Inventario della casa di campagna . Tumminelli, Roma 1945. [I ed. Privata 1941]; G. Mazzoni Rajna ed., Florence, La Nuova Italia, 1965; Vallecchi, 1989; Christophe Carraud ed., Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, 2013, ISBN 978-88-6372-489-9 .
  • Costruire la democrazia. Premesse alla Costituente , Edizioni U, 1946; Montepulciano (Siena), Le Balze, 2004.
  • Sergio Luzzatto (Ed.): Uomini e città della Resistenza . Laterza, Bari 1955. Laterza, 2006.
  • Parlare di Florenz , Florence, La Nuova Italia, 1958.
  • Opere giuridiche , Mauro Cappelletti ed., 10 full., Morano, Naples
  • Scritti e discorsi politici (vol.1: Storia di dodici anni; vol.II: Discorsi parlamentari e politica costituzionale), Norberto Bobbio ed., La Nuova Italia, Florence 1966
  • Lettere 1915-1956 , 2 full., Giorgio Agosti and Alessandro Galante Garrone ed., Florence, La Nuova Italia, 1968.
  • Scritti ed inediti celliniani , Florence, La Nuova Italia, 1971.
  • La burla di Primavera con altre fiabe, e prose sparse , Palermo, Sellerio, 1987.
  • In difesa dell'onestà e della libertà della scuola , Palermo, Sellerio, 1994.
  • Diario (1939-1945) , Giorgio Agosti and Alessandro Galante Garrone ed., Florence, La Nuova Italia, 1982; riedizione 1997.
  • La Costituzione e leggi per attuarla , Milan, Giuffré, 2000.
  • Futuro postumo: testi inediti 1950 , Silvia Calamandrei ed., Montepulciano (SI), Le Balze, 2004.
  • Costituzione e le leggi di Antigone , Florence, Sansoni, 2004.
  • Ada con gli tatting stellanti. Lettere 1908-1914 , Palermo, Sellerio 2005.
  • Zona di guerra. Lettere, scritti e discorsi (1915-1924) , Storia e Società, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2007.
  • Una famiglia in guerra. Lettere e scritti (1939-1956) , with Franco Calamandrei, Alessandro Casellato ed., Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2008.
  • Fede nel diritto , Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2008.
  • Per la scuola , Palermo, Sellerio, 2008.
  • Lo Stato siamo noi , Milan, Chiarelettere, 2011. [collection 1946 - 1956]
  • Chiarezza nella Costituzione , Roma, Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, 2012.
  • Non c'è libertà senza legalità , Roma-Bari, Laterza 2013.
  • Il fascismo come regime della menzogna , Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2014.
  • Il mio primo processo , Milan, Henry Beyle, 2014.
  • Un incontro con Piero Della Francesca , Milan, Henry Beyle, 2015.
  • Gli avvocati , Milan, Henry Beyle, 2015.
  • Diario (1939–45), Roma, Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, 2015.
  • Colloqui con Franco . Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, Roma 2016, ISBN 978-88-6372-884-2 .
  • Vino colorato artificialmente con sostanza vietata dalla legge , Milan, Henry Beyle, 2016.
  • La politica non è una professione . Edizioni Henry Beyle, Milan 2018.

literature

Web links

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personal data
SURNAME Calamandrei, Piero
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian lawyer, university professor and politician
DATE OF BIRTH April 21, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Florence
DATE OF DEATH September 27, 1956
Place of death Florence