Pierre-Claude Daunou
Pierre-Claude François Daunou (born August 18, 1761 in Boulogne-sur-Mer ( Pas-de-Calais ), † June 20, 1840 in Paris ) was a French politician, historian and archivist.
Life
Pierre Claude François Daunou was born the son of the surgeon Pierre Daunou and his wife Marie-Antoinette-Péronne Sauzet. In 1777 he joined the Oratorians, at whose schools he later taught theology, philosophy and literature. In 1787 he was ordained a priest.
In September 1792 Daunou was elected to the National Convention by his home department Pas-de-Calais , where he was a member of the Committee for Popular Education. He voted in January 1793 against the death of Louis XVI. and was arrested on October 3, 1793 because of his political proximity to the Girondists . Daunou returned to the National Convention on December 21, 1794 and was appointed to the Eleven Commission in April 1795 to draft the constitution for year III. From August 4 to 20, 1795 he was President of the National Convention.
Daunou was a member of the Council of Five Hundred from 1795 to 1797 and from 1798 to 1799 and served as its first president from October 28 to November 21, 1795. From August 18 to September 21, 1798 he again chaired the Council of Five Hundred, his third and final presidency lasted from December 22 to 26, 1799. Furthermore, the moderate republican was one of the founders of the “Institut national des sciences et des arts ” (since 1806 “ Institut de France ” ) and, as envoy of the French Republic in Rome, one of the drafters of the Basic Law of the Roman Republic of 1798 . But in early 1799 Daunou joined the party around Sieyès and Talleyrand and worked towards the overthrow of the board of directors .
After the coup d'état of 18th Brumaire VIII (November 9-10, 1799), Daunou was a member of the constitutional commission. He drafted a constitution for the consulate , which the First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte rejected as too liberal. In December 1799, Pierre Daunou was appointed to the newly formed tribunate, from which he was removed in 1802 due to his critical views. Daunou committed himself to the “ Idéologues ” , which wanted to develop a system of rules for law, morality and statecraft through an all-round analysis of people. Napoleon Bonaparte detested this philosophical school and vilified its representatives as "metaphysical whiskers" . The regime fought the "idéologues" so that they increasingly lost their social significance.
Nevertheless, Pierre Daunou was appointed archivist for the empire in 1804. He reformed the library system and rearranged the archives. In 1810 Daunou wrote the “Essai historique sur la puissance temporelle des papes” (essay on the secular power of the popes) on behalf of Napoleon and in 1811 transferred the papal archives to France.
Daunou had to resign from archival management in February 1816 at the urging of the returning Bourbons . He has taught history and morals at the Collège de France since 1819 , was a member of the Chamber of Deputies for several years and advocated the July Revolution of 1830 . Pierre Claude François Daunou took over the management of archives again and from 1838 had been the permanent secretary of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres . He received the dignity of a pair from France in 1839 and died on June 20, 1840 in Paris.
literature
- Bernd Jeschonnek: Revolution in France. 1789-1799. A lexicon. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-05-000801-6 .
- Walter Markov : Napoleon and his time. History and Culture of the Grand Empire. 2nd, abridged and revised edition. Edition Leipzig, Leipzig 1996, ISBN 3-361-00450-0 .
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Daunou, Pierre-Claude |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Daunou, Pierre Claude François; Daunou, Pierre |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French politician during the French Revolution |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 18, 1761 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Boulogne-sur-Mer (Pas-de-Calais department) |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 20, 1840 |
| Place of death | Paris |