Pinikir

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Pinikir was originally an Elamite mother goddess, whose worship later found its way into Mesopotamia , the Hurrites and finally also the Hittites .

Elam

The Elamite mother goddess Pinikir (also Binengir) was worshiped in all periods of Elamite history. Especially in older times she is one of the main deities of Elam. Pinikir was the mistress of Humban and also of Ningusinak . She had important temples in Susa and Choga Zanbil . Presumably, similar to the Mesopotamian goddess Ištar compared with her, she represented the love aspect of the goddess, while the warlike aspect was embodied in Kiririša .

Hurriter

Hurricane testimonies about Pirengir are rare. In a list of gods from Emar, she is equated with the Mesopotamian goddess Ninsianna , who was also known as the "Ištar of the star". In Hurrian kaluti lists , the “Mistress Pirinkir” is more precisely referred to as the “Ištar of Heaven”. Thus Pirengir is the astral aspect of the Ištar- Šauška .

Hittites

In the Hittite city of Samuḫa , Pirinkir was worshiped in the temple of the "goddess of the night" in the form of a gold disc. Your dortiger cult especially in papilili described -Ritual, the prayers addressed to them in Babylonian language (Hitt. Papilili were recited), indicating the foreign cult. In this she is called as the "goddess of Elam" as well as the daughter of Sîn and Ningal and as the twin sister of Šamaš . Ilabrat is named as their vizier .

After the introduction to the Hittites, the goddess merged with the local horse god Pirwa and Pirinkir was invoked together with Šauška in a ritual horse training instruction, with the invocations now partly in Hurrian or Luwian .

It is possible that the goddess, who as an astral aspect of the Ištar could also assume male form, is shown in the male row in the Hittite rock sanctuary Yazılıkaya . The rock relief 31 there shows a winged deity, whose hieroglyphic Luwian inscription can be read as DEUS PURUS + ra / i, but cannot be interpreted. The wings typical of astral deities speak for an identification with Pirinkir , especially since the Mesopotamian Ištar and the Hurrian Šauška were depicted winged. In addition, some Hurrian lists of victims of the Teššup sometimes name the "Herin Pirinkir".

The goddess is possibly also mentioned in a late Luwian inscription (mid-8th century BC) from Karkamis , where the deity DEUS is called Pa + ra / i-ka + ra / i.

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