Pinna (genus)

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Pinna
Noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis)

Noble pen shell ( Pinna nobilis )

Systematics
Subclass : Autolamellibranchiata
Subclass : Pteriomorphia
Order : Ostreida
Superfamily : Pinnoidea
Family : Pen clams (Pinnidae)
Genre : Pinna
Scientific name
Pinna
Linnaeus , 1758

Pinna is the eponymous shell - genus of the family of plug shells (Pinnidae) from the order of Ostreida .

features

The Pinna genus is characterized by large to very large housings with equal flaps. They are fan-shaped, wedge-shaped, or paddle-shaped in outline; they can be over a meter long (largest specimen found: 120 centimeters). The housings stick with the front end down in the soft sediment. The rear (upper), constantly gaping end protrudes approximately one to two thirds from the sediment. The vertebrae sit at the front (lower) end. The housings are mostly flattened on the sides. In the middle of the longitudinal axis there is a keel on the outside, which however can disappear in some species in the adult stage. Inside the case it corresponds to a longitudinal furrow that divides the mother-of-pearl layer into two elongated lobes. At the ventral margin near the front end (below, in the sediment) there is another gaping gap; here the byssus comes out. The lock is toothless. The ligament is very long, extends over almost the entire length of the dorsal margin and lies in a groove (sub-internal).

The shell, consisting of the mineral shell and the organic periostracum, is comparatively thin and fragile, but also flexible to a certain extent. The mineral shell is made up of an outer, calcitic prism layer and an inner, aragonitic mother-of-pearl layer . The mother-of-pearl layer forms two lobes on the inside towards the rear end. The surface is provided with ribs, or sharp scales arranged in a row or scales open to the rear, or also approximately smooth with more or less distinct growth stripes.

The anterior sphincter sits near the anterior end (below) and is relatively small. The posterior sphincter (at the top), on the other hand, is very large. It sits somewhat ventrally (based on the case width) and close to the rear surface line, which is however clearly set back from the rear edge of the case (= upper end). It can therefore still sit below the middle (based on the length of the housing in the live position).

Geographical distribution and habitat

The recent representatives of the genus Pinna live in temperate, subtropical and tropical seas. They come from the shallow subtidal to about 100 meters water depth, rarely also deeper.

The Pinna species are stuck with the front end down in the soft sediment, the rear end usually protrudes from about one to two thirds of the sediment.

Taxonomy

The genus goes back to Carl von Linné , who described the taxon as early as 1758. The type is Pinna rudis Linné, 1758 ( rough ham shell ). The MolluscaBase and the Paleobiology Database assign the following species to the genus (with further additions):

Schultz & Huber (2013) divided the genus Pinna into the sub-genera Pinna (Pinna) , Pinna (Abyssopinna) Schultz & Huber, 2013, Pinna (Cyrtopinna) Mörch, 1853, Pinna (Exitopinna) Iredale, 1939, Pinna (Quantulopinna) Iredale, 1939, Pinna (Subitopinna) Iredale, 1939; In addition, there are the fossil sub-genera Pinna (Plesiopinna) Amano, 1956 and Pinna (Sulcatopinna) Hyatt, 1892. The latter is also treated as an independent genus by some authors. The genus Atrina is divided into the three subgenera Atrina (Atrina) , Atrina (Australopinna) Schultz & Huber, 2013 and Atrina (Servatrina) Iredale, 1939.

The MolluscaBase lists the synonyms Pinnula Rafinesque, 1815 and Streptopinna Martens, 1880. However, the latter is treated as an independent genus by Peter Schultz and Markus Huber. Lemer et al. (2014) evaluated Streptopinna Martens, but downgraded to a subgenus again in 1880.

supporting documents

literature

  • Michael Amler, Rudolf Fischer, Nicole Rogalla: mussels . Haeckel library, Volume 5. Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-13-118391-8 .
  • S. Peter Dance, Rudo von Cosel (arrangement of the German edition): The great book of sea shells. 304 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1977 ISBN 3-8001-7000-0 (p. 229)
  • Rudolf Kilias: Lexicon marine mussels and snails. 2nd edition, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1997 ISBN 3-8001-7332-8 (p. 252)
  • Raymond Cecil Moore (Ed.): Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Mollusca, 6, Bivalvia 1. XXXVIII, 489 pp., New York, 1969 (pp. N283).
  • Fritz Nordsieck : The European sea shells (Bivalvia). From the Arctic Ocean to Cape Verde, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. 256 p., Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1969 (p. 41)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ D. Zavodnik, M. Hrs-Brenko, M. Legac: Synopsis on the fan shell Pinna nobilis L. in the eastern Adriatic Sea. In: CF Boudouresque, M. Avon, V. Gravez, (Eds.): Les Espèces Marines à Protéger en Méditerranée , pp. 169–178, GIS Posidonie publications, Marseille 1991.
  2. ^ Nico AJM Sommerdijk, Maggie Cusack: Biomineralization: Crystals competing for space. Nature Materials, 13: 1078-1079, 2014 doi : 10.1038 / nmat4147
  3. ^ Carl von Linné: Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Pp. 1–824, Holmiae / Stockholm, Salvius, 1758. Online at Göttinger Digitization Center (p. 705).
  4. ↑ MolluscaBase: Pinna Linnaeus, 1758
  5. ↑ Paleobiology Database: Pinna Linnaeus 1758
  6. ^ JW Beede: Fauna of the Permian of the Central United States. Part I. Transactions of the Annual Meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science, 17: 185-189, 1899, JSTOR 3623888
  7. ↑ a b Birgit Niebuht, Simon Schneider, Markus Wilmsen: 5. Mussels 5. Bivalves. Geologica Saxonica, 60 (1): 83-168, 2014 PDF
  8. ^ Katherine VW Palmer, Doris C. Brann: Catalog of the Paleocene and Eocene Mollusca of the Southern and Eastern United States: Part I. Pelecypoda, Amphineura, Pteropoda, Scaphopoda, and Cephalopoda. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 48 (218): 1-443, 1965 online at www.archive.org
  9. ↑ Martin Aberhan, Annemarie Scholz, Siegfried Schubert: The Upper Pliensbachium (Domerium) of the Herford Lias basin - Part 3 - Taxonomy and paleoecology of the bivalvia from the Amaltheenton Formation (Lower Jurassic) of the Herford Lias basin. Geology and Paleontology of Westphalia, 80: 61-109, Münster 2011 PDF (ResearchGate)
  10. ^ A b c d Robert Marquet: A revision of the Caenozoic Pinnidae from Belgium (Mollusca, Bivalvia). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Sciences de la Terre, Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Aardwetenschappen, 65: 241-256, Brussels 1995 PDF
  11. ↑ Félicien Chapuis, Gustave Dewalque: Description of the fossils des terrains secondaires de la Province de Luxembourg. Mémoires de l'Académie Royale de Belgique, 35: 1-303, 1853 Online at Google Books (p. 182)
  12. ↑ a b Peter Schultz, Markus Huber: Revision of the worldwide Recent Pinnidae and some remarks on fossil European Pinnidae. Acta Conchyliorum, 13: 1-164, Hackenheim, ConchBooks, 2013 PDF (summary)
  13. ^ Richard D. Hoare: Bivalve mollusks from the Maxville Limestone (Mississippian) in Ohio. The Ohio Journal of Science, 107 (4): 63-75, 2007 PDF
  14. ↑ Sarah Lemer, Barbara Buge, Amanda Bemis, Gonzalo Giribet: First molecular phylogeny of the circumtropical bivalve family Pinnidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia): Evidence for high levels of cryptic species diversity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 75: 11-23, 2014 doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2014.02.008

Web links

Commons : Pinna  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files