Pinus jaliscana
| Pinus jaliscana | ||||||||||||
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| Pinus jaliscana | ||||||||||||
| Perez de la Rosa |
Pinus jaliscana is an evergreen conifer from the genus of the pines ( Pinus ) with needles growing in groups of five, 12 to 18 centimeters long and 6 to 8.5 centimeters long seed cones. The natural range is in the Mexican state of Jalisco . The species is classified as low endangered inthe IUCN Red List .
description
Appearance
Pinus jaliscana grows as an evergreen tree , usually 25 to 30 meters, rarely up to 35 meters high. The trunk is straight and reaches a breast height diameter of 60 to 80, rarely up to 100 centimeters. The trunk bark is thick, rough and scaly and is divided into reddish to gray-brown, elongated, irregular plates and flat cracks. The branches are usually horizontal or ascending, the higher-order branches are thin, flexible, slightly drooping and form a round, rather open crown. Young shoots are smooth, initially orange-brown and later gray-brown.
Buds and needles
The vegetative buds are not resinous and ovate-oblong to conical. Terminal buds are 10 to 15 millimeters long, lateral buds are smaller and ovate-pointed. The low leaves, which are designed as bud scales, are small, awl-shaped and have a bent-back tip. The needles usually grow in groups of five, rarely in groups of four or three, in a light brown, light gray under the influence of weathering, initially 15 millimeters long and later shortening to 8 to 10 millimeters, permanent needle sheath. The needles are light green to yellowish green, thin, soft, straight or slightly drooping, 12 to 18 rarely up to 22 centimeters long and from 0.5 usually 0.6 to 0.8 millimeters thick. The edge of the needle is very finely sawn, the end pointed. Sometimes there are only indistinct stomata lines on all sides of the needle . Usually two to four rarely one or five resin canals are formed. The needles stay on the tree for two to three years.
Cones and seeds
The pollen cones are initially purple yellow and later light brown, ovate-oblong to cylindrical, 1.2 to 1.8 centimeters long with a diameter of 5 to 6 millimeters. The seed cones grow individually or in whorls of two to three near the ends of the branches on strong, 7 to 15 millimeter long, curved stems that drop with the cone. Fully grown cones are closed ovoid-elongated to ovoid-narrowed and open with a slate base, usually 6 to 8.5 centimeters, rarely from 4.5 to 9.8 centimeters long, with diameters from 3 usually from 4 to 5 and rarely up to 6 centimeters. The 135 to 150 seed scales are elongated, straight or slightly bent back and thickly woody. The apophysis is slightly raised to arched, transversely keeled, rhombic to pentagonal in outline, sometimes with a notched upper edge, radially striped and shiny ocher to light brown. The umbo lies dorsally, it is flat to slightly elevated and reinforced with a small, sloping spine . The seeds are obovate, somewhat flattened, 3.5 to 6 millimeters long, 2 to 3.5 millimeters wide and dark gray-brown. The seed wings are obliquely ovate-oblong, 13 to 17 millimeters long and 6 to 8 millimeters wide, yellowish, translucent with a gray or black tint.
Distribution, ecology and endangerment
The natural range of Pinus jaliscana is located in Mexico in the state of Jalisco in the northwestern part of the Sierra Madre del Sur on the slopes facing the Pacific, mainly in the Sierra de Cuale .
Pinus jaliscana grows at heights of 800 to 1200, rarely up to 1650 meters in mountainous locations on deep, acidic soils on granite rock . The climate is subtropical with a five to six month dry season from December to May and an average annual rainfall of 1000 to 1500 millimeters. The distribution area is assigned to winter hardiness zone 9 with mean annual minimum temperatures between -6.6 ° and -1.2 ° Celsius (20 to 30 ° Fahrenheit ). The species grows in pine forests and mixed forests of pine and oak. They are found together with Pinus maximinoi and Pinus oocarpa , in a slightly higher position with Pinus douglasiana , various oak species and Clusia salvinii .
In the Red List of the IUCN is Pinus Jaliscana risk than low ( "Lower Risk / near threatened") classified. However, it should be noted that a reassessment is necessary.
Systematics
Pinus jaliscana is a species from the genus of pines ( Pinus ), in which it is assigned to the subgenus Pinus , Section Trifoliae and Subsection Australes . It was not scientifically described for the first time until 1983 by Jorge Pérez de la Rosa in Phytologia . The generic name Pinus was already used by the Romans for several types of pine. The specific epithet jaliscana refers to the Mexican state of Jalisco, where the species was found. Synonyms of the species are Pinus macvaughii Carvajal , Pinus oocarpa var. Macvaughii (Carvajal) Silba and Pinus patula var. Jaliscana (Pérez de la Rosa) Silba .
Pinus jaliscana is a close relative of the more widespread Pinus herrerae , which is found in the mountains of western Mexico, and of Pinus patula in the mountains of eastern Mexico. They can be distinguished from Pinus herrerae by the position of the resin canals , in which the resin canals touch the central vascular bundle, but not the surface of the needle, and the cone scales of the seed cones, which are located at the base, open wide.
use
There is no known specific use of the species. The wood is used together with that of other pines. It is not used horticultural.
swell
literature
- Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 2 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 90-04-17718-3 , pp. 688-689 .
- James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World. The Complete Reference . Timber Press, Portland, OR / London 2009, ISBN 978-0-88192-974-4 , pp. 443-444 .
- Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 487 (reprint from 1996).
Individual evidence
- ^ Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , Volume 2, pp. 688-689
- ↑ a b c d e Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , Volume 2, p. 689
- ↑ a b c d James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World , pp. 438-439
- ↑ Pinus jaliscana in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2012. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Accessed May 25, 2013.
- ↑ a b Pinus jaliscana. In: The Plant List. Retrieved May 25, 2013 .
- ↑ Exactly: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names p. 487
- ^ Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , Volume 2, p. 688
Web links
- Christopher J. Earle: Pinus jaliscana. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 23, 2012, accessed May 25, 2013 (English).
- Pinus jaliscana at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed May 25, 2013.