Pyotr Mikhailovich Jeropkin
Pyotr Yeropkin ( Russian Пётр Михайлович Еропкин ., Scientific transliteration Pëtr Michajlovič Eropkin * about 1698, † June 27 . Jul / 8. July 1740 greg. In Saint Petersburg ) was a Russian architect and architectural theorist .
Live and act
Pyotr Mikhailovich Jeropkin came from an old family. Ivan Evstafijewitsch Jeropka, a descendant of Rostislav , the prince of Smolensk, is believed to be the progenitor of the Jeropkins .
In his childhood he showed a remarkable talent for science and drawing, but was sent to the army . It was there that Peter the Great noticed the talented young man and, in 1716, ordered 20 talented men from different fields to be selected for study abroad. Pyotr Jeropkin's talent for painting was noted and he was sent to Italy to study architecture, drawing, philosophy, and the Italian language .
Jeropkin traveled with Timofei Ussow and Fyodor Issakow via Amsterdam to Livorno , where they studied Italian and collected a lot of books on architecture. Then they went on to Rome, where he worked under the guidance of the little-known architect Cipriani. He studied the architectural masterpieces and Vignola and Palladio's treatises. Since Issakov showed no special talent and was sent back as translator for the architect Nicola Michetti in 1718 , Jeropkin and Ussow were the first Russians to study architecture in Italy. After studying ancient and modern Italian architecture for two years, Jeropkin made a sketch of the temple in Indian ink to present to Peter the Great.
When Jeropkin returned to Russia in 1724 shortly before Peter's death, he was very satisfied with his success, and he became the only Russian architect to be awarded the rank of lieutenant colonel and architect at the beginning of his career. The following year he became a colonel and architect.
After Peter died and the court was moved back to Moscow in 1728, the development of the city of Saint Petersburg came to a standstill. Only after the new Tsarina Anna Ivanovna declared Saint Petersburg the capital again in 1732 and as a result of the devastating fires of 1737 in the Admiralty District, more weight was given to urban planning. A planning office for the reconstruction and reorganization of the inner city was set up under the direction of Count Burchardt Christoph Münnich , whose work was significantly influenced by the now senior architect Pjotr Jeropkin; it was not allowed to build anything without his consent. Under his direction, possibly based on an idea by Peter the Great, the city was arranged in three rays. He laid out radial and ring roads, which, like the Nevsky Prospect, emanate from the Admiralty (Gorokhovaya Street and Voznesensky Prospect) and follow the winding course of the Moika and Fontanka .
He created the first architectural construction compendium The Duties of the Planning Office (the treatise was finished by Mikhail Grigorjewitsch Semzow in 1741 and was only published in 1947 under the title Dolschnost Architekturnoi Ekspedizii. Traktat-Kodeks 1737-1740 ), a kind of building regulation in the texts are summarized via architectural principles, planning guidelines, responsibilities and rights of the architects.
Jeropkin was not only a talented architect, but also an outstanding architectural theorist. He was also the first to translate into Russian four of Palladio's works on architecture.
From December 1739 to January 1740 he built the ice house with the engineer Georg Wolfgang Krafft .
Anna's accession to the throne and the public work of the Germans in her area under the direction of Biron and Minister Ostermann provoked resentment among Russian patriotic circles, whose mouthpiece was Cabinet Minister Artemi Petrovich Volynski. His friends included A. F. Khrushchev, F. I. Soimonov , P. I. Mussin-Pushkin and Pyotr Jeropkin. As a result, he was arrested and finally executed together with Volynsky and Khrushchev.
Individual evidence
Web links
- Pyotr Michailowitsch Jeropkin in the online encyclopedia Saint Petersburg (English, Russian )
- http://www.icestudio.ru/en/history/led/index1.php
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Jeropkin, Pyotr Mikhailovich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Еропкин, Пётр Михайлович (Russian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian architect |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1698 |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 8, 1740 |
| Place of death | St. Petersburg |