Fyodor Ivanovich Soimonov

Fyodor Ivanovich Soimonov

Fyodor Ivanovich Soimonow ( Russian Фёдор Иванович Соймонов * 1692 , † July 11 ^{. Jul} / 22. July  1780 ^greg. In Moscow ) was a Russian explorer and hydrographer .

Life

Soimonow, son of the truchess Ivan Afanassjewitsch Soimonow from the old noble family Soimonow, entered the Moscow School of Mathematics and Nautical Science in 1708 . Discipline was enforced with the heavy whip. Soimonow completed the three-year training as one of the best and was then sent to Holland for further studies for three years , where he also learned Dutch , German and Latin . Soimonov returned in 1715 and became guardian . He was soon after passing the examination in the presence of Peter I together with 16 other Guard Marin (48) michman on the 94- guns - liner Ingermanland on the Baltic Sea .

In 1719 Soimonov was seconded as a lieutenant to the expedition under the leadership of the Dutchman Karl von Werden , who was the helmsman in the Swedish fleet and, after being captured, now belonged to the Russian fleet. The expedition was to set up a safe trade route from Moscow to Central Asia and further east on behalf of Peter I. Soimonov went east with them, and after a few months they came to the Caspian Sea . The coast has been explored, the water depths determined, and the islands described. Together with Karl von Werden, Wassili Alexejewitsch Urussow and the topographer AI Koschin, Soimonow described the west and south coast of the Caspian Sea in 1720.

In 1722 Soimonov took part as a lieutenant captain in the Persian campaign of Peter I in the Persian provinces on the Caspian Sea. During a stay in Kazan in the summer of 1722 , he was already involved in a conversation with Peter I about the riches of Kamchatka , the Shantar Islands and the Kuriles discovered by the Cossacks . In 1726, Soimonov and Lieutenant Pierre de Frémery completed the exploration of the Caspian Sea with a description of the east coast. His map of the Caspian Sea, describing the Caspian Sea, was published in 1731.

In 1727 Soimonov was transferred from Astrakhan to the Baltic Fleet . In 1728 or 1729 he married Darja Ivanovna Otjajewa, daughter of the truchess Ivan Vasilyevich Otjajew. From 1830 they lived in Otjajew's house on Vasilyevsky Island in St. Petersburg and had five children. In 1730 Soimonov was procurator in the Admiralty College in St. Petersburg. In 1732 he became supreme war commissioner for the fleet. In 1734 he took part in the blockade of Danzig under the command of Admiral Thomas Gordons . In the same year he was assigned to the Admiralty College to control current financial expenses. He discovered a series of misconduct and embezzlement of the college president Nikolai Fyodorowitsch Golovin , making him an enemy. Now he has been commissioned to investigate the activity of the assistant Baron Shafirow during the mission in Siberia. Soimonov was also a member of the commission to review the judges appointed in Siberia, the Irkutsk lieutenant governor Sholobov and the brigadier Sukharev. In 1738 he became senior procuror of the Senate with the rank of major general and in 1739 General War Commissioner with the rank of vice admiral and vice president of the Admiralty College as successor to Peter von Sivers . In 1739 Soimonow published an atlas of the Baltic Sea and in 1735 a book on helmsman's art in questions and answers.

Through his investigations, Soimonov made many enemies, including Ernst Johann von Biron . At the 1740 trial against Artemi Petrovich Wolynski , Soimonov was considered his like-minded fellow, so that he lost his title and rights, received the whip and was sent to Okhotsk to do katorga forced labor . After Elizabeth's accession to power , Soimonov was pardoned in 1742. Ivan Grigoryevich Tschernyschow became vice-president of the Admiralty College .

The governor of Siberia, Vasily Alexejewitsch Mjatlew, commissioned Soimonov in 1753, with the approval of the Senate, to lead the secret Nerchinsk expedition, which was to explore the possibilities of agriculture and the navigability of the Schilka from Nerchinsk to the Amur . His eldest son Mikhail helped him with his work . For this purpose, Soimonov founded two nautical schools in Nerchinsk and Irkutsk on behalf of Myatlev in 1754, which he then supervised. He himself taught at the school in Nerchinsk. After the beginning of the Seven Years' War , Myatlev was recalled to the fleet, so that Soimonov received his office. His six-year administration of Siberia was characterized by humanity and diligence in the fulfillment of the tasks at hand, as well as by the fight against corruption. He set up a naval school in Okhotsk. On Lake Baikal he built a port with a lighthouse at the Possolski Monastery ( Kabansk Rajon ) and had many new ships built. He published essays on development opportunities in Siberia and forestry with a description of a horse-powered sawmill in Tobolsk . In 1758 Soimonov founded a geodesy school in Tobolsk . For two years, in his reports to the Senate, he urged peaceful relations with the Chukchi . In 1762 he received the Alexander Nevsky Order . In 1763, at his request, Catherine II dismissed him from office. His successor was Denis Ivanovich Tschitscherin .

Soimonov settled in Moscow and, as a senator in the Senate office, observed government policy in Siberia. He criticized Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov's plan for a north-east passage , who then revised the plan and sent an expedition to Spitsbergen . In 1766 Soimonov resigned from the service with the highest possible rank of Real Secret Council (2nd class ). Because of his merits, he continued to receive his salary until his death. At his country estate in Wolossowo near Serpukhov he worked tirelessly on the story of Peter I.

Soimonov was buried in the cemetery of the Vysotsky monastery near Serpukhov.

Web links

Commons : Soimonow family  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Л. А. Гольденберг: Федор Иванович Соймонов, 1692–1780 . Nauka , 1966.
2. ↑ Chronos: Фёдор Иванович Соймонов (accessed November 18, 2017).
3. ↑ Brockhaus-Efron .
4. ↑ ^{a b} Соймонов Ф.И .: ИЗ ЗАПИСОК Ф. И. СОЙМОНОВА . In: Морской сборник . tape CCXVII , no. 9 , 1888, pp. 91-132 ( memoirs.ru [accessed November 19, 2017]).
5. ↑ Персидский поход 1722–1723 гг. (accessed on November 18, 2017).
6. ↑ Описание похода государя императора Петра Великого к лежащим при Каспийском море персидсмим (accessed on November 18, 2017).
7. ↑ Петр I (accessed November 18, 2017).
8. ↑ Описание Каспийского моря, от устья р. Волги, от притока Ярковского, до устья р. Астрабацкой . St. Petersburg 1731.
9. ↑ Экстракт штурманского искусства. Из наук, принадлежащих к мореплаванию, сочинённый в вопросах и ответах для пользы и безопасвостел и безопасвостел . St. Petersburg 1739.
10. ↑ Известие о торгах сибирских . In: Ежемесячные сочинения . tape II , 1755.
11. ↑ Сибирь - золотое дно . In: Ежемесячные сочинения . tape II , 1761.
12. ↑ Описание пильной машины, действующей конской силой, сделанной в Тобольске Ф. И. Соймоновым . In: Ежемесячные сочинения и известия о учёных делах . tape II , 1763.
13. ↑ Профессор Н. Н. Зубов, капитан дальнего плавания К. С. Бадигин: Разгадка тайны Земли Андреева (accessed November 19, 2017).