Ivan Grigoryevich Chernyshev
Count Ivan Grigoryevich Tschernyschow ( Russian Иван Григорьевич Чернышёв ; * November 24th July / December 5, 1726 greg .; † February 26th July / March 9th 1797 greg. In Rome ) was a Russian diplomat and modernizer of the Russian fleet.
Life
Chernyshev's parents were Livonia Governor Count Grigory Petrovich Chernyshev and Avdotja Ivanovna Chernyshova née Rzhevskaya, one of the mistresses of Peter the Great . After home education, Chernyshev entered the St. Petersburg Knight Academy . In 1741 he was sent to the embassy in Copenhagen , where his eldest brother Pyotr Grigoryevich Chernyshev had become envoy extraordinary. Tschernyschow completed his training in the diplomatic service there and accompanied his brother on the diplomatic missions in Berlin (1742–1745) and London . He also became a Freemason under the influence of his brother . In 1745 he returned to St. Petersburg and was Podporutschik in the Semyonovskoye bodyguard regiment with promotion to Porutschik after a year. In 1749 he married Jelisaveta Ossipowna Jefimowskaja (1734–1755), only daughter of the Empress Elisabeth's cousin , and became a chamberlain . He then went abroad with his wife.
In 1755 Chernyshev returned to St. Petersburg and became chamberlain . After the death of his first wife, he married Anna Alexandrowna Isslenjewa (1740–1794), niece of General Porutschik Alexander Artemjewitsch Sagrjaschski in 1757 . In 1760 he founded the Anna copper smelter in Perm Rajon , which was taken over by the state in the 1770s.
In 1761 Tschernyschow was in Augsburg with the extraordinary ambassador Count Keyserlingk during the Seven Years' War . Since the negotiations with Prussia did not materialize, Chernyshev was recalled to St. Petersburg.
After the accession Catherine II. (1762), the Tschernyschows older brother zakhar chernyshyov (Field Marshall) patronized , Ivan Tschernyschow moved from the foreign service as Generalporutschik for Marine . In 1763 he became a member of the Admiralty College in St. Petersburg and the new naval commission for the Russian fleets . In 1764 he became the commander of the galley fleet .
On his property on the Moika , Chernyshev had Jean-Baptiste Vallin de La Mothe build the Chernyshev Palace (1762–1768). After Chernyshev's death, the palace housed a cavalry military school (1825–1839), at which Mikhail Lermontov also studied, and was later replaced by the classical Mariinsky Palace (by Andrei Stackenschneider (1839–1844)). During this time Tschernyschow bought from Pyotr Andrejewitsch Tolstoy a piece of land on the road to Peterhof , which originally belonged to the younger sister of Peters I. Natalja Alexejewna (1673-1716). There he had Jean-Baptiste Vallin de La Mothe build the Palladian Chernyshev dacha , surrounded by a large park. After the October Revolution , the large rooms were divided into small apartment units and pigs were kept in the hall. During the German-Soviet war with the Leningrad blockade , the dacha was badly damaged by fire. In the 1960s the dacha was restored without reconstruction of the interior and is used as an art school for children. The downsized park is named Alexandrino after the last owner before the October Revolution, Alexander Dmitrievich Sheremetev .
In 1767 Chernyshev returned to the diplomatic service. Catherine II sent him to the United Kingdom in 1767 as Envoy Extraordinary Plenipotentiary , from which he returned a year later. In 1769 Catherine II appointed him general and vice-president of the Admiralty College (after Fyodor Ivanovich Soimonov ). The fleet, neglected under previous governments, was in poor condition. Tschernyschow modernized and strengthened the fleet, so that it was in good condition at the beginning of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) . He then went on vacation for a few years for healing treatments. When the Peace of Küçük Kaynarca was celebrated in Moscow in 1776 , Ternyschow received the Alexander Nevsky Order and the Order of St. Andrew the First Called for his great services to the fleet. When Catherine II founded the Order of St. Vladimir in 1782 , Chernyshev received the Order of Vladimir I. Class. In 1783 he accompanied Catherine II to Fredrikshamn to meet the Swedish King Gustav III. He also accompanied her in 1787 on her journey through New Russia and to the Crimea . When peace was celebrated after the Swedish-Russian War (1788–1790), in which the fleet had played a decisive role, Chernyshev received the diamonds for the Order of St. Andrew the First Called.
After the death of Catherine II, Paul I immediately appointed Chernyshev, who was friends with his adviser Nikita Ivanovich Panin , as field marshal and, since he could not be admiral general , president of the Admiralty College and senator .
Ternyschow traveled abroad for medical treatment in 1792 and died in Rome after a long illness . He was buried in St. Petersburg in the Annunciation Church of the Alexander Nevsky Monastery . He left three children. Grigori (1762–1831) became a diplomat and wrote comedies . Ekaterina (1766 – after 1826) married Senator Fyodor Fyodorowitsch Wadkowski in 1789 . Anna (1776-1817) married the writer Alexander Alexejewitsch Pleschtschejew . The illegitimate son Grigory Ivanovich Mulovsky became captain-commander in the Russian fleet. Ivan Logginowitsch Golenishchev-Kutuzov became vice-president of the Admiralty College
Honors
- Alexander Nevsky Order
- Order of St. Andrew the First Called
- Order of St. Vladimir I. Class
- Diamonds for the Order of St. Andrew the First Called
- Russian Order of Saint Anne
- Order of the White Eagle
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Бантыш-Каменский, Д. Н .: Графъ Иванъ Григорьевичь Чернышевъ . In: Биографии российских генералиссимусов и генерал-фельдмаршалов. В 4 частях. Репринтное воспроизведение издания 1840 года . 1991 ( lib.ru [accessed October 27, 2017]).
- ↑ a b c d Чернышев, граф Иван Григорьевич . In: Русский биографический словарь . tape 22 , 1905, pp. 318-324 .
- ↑ Аннинский (Бабкинский) завод (accessed October 27, 2017).
- ↑ Dashkova, Ekaterina ; FitzLyon, Kyril: The memoirs of Princess Dashkova . Duke University Press, Durham 1995, pp. 303 .
- ↑ Усадьба Александрино (accessed October 27, 2017).
- ↑ Александрино, лесопарк (accessed October 27, 2017).
- ↑ Solovyev, Sergei; Hill, William H .: The Rule of Catherine the Great: The Legislative Commission (1767-1768) and Foreign Affairs (1766-1768) . Academic International Press, 1986, pp. 191 .
- ↑ Wieczynski, Joseph L .: The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet history . Academic International Press, 1976, pp. 18 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Tschernyschow, Ivan Grigoryevich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Чернышёв, Иван Григорьевич (Russian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian diplomat and modernizer of the Russian fleet |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 5, 1726 |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 9, 1797 |
| Place of death | Rome |