Nikita Ivanovich Panin
Count Nikita Ivanovich Panin ( Russian Никита Иванович Панин , scientific. Transliteration Nikita Ivanovich Panin , born 18 . Jul / 29. September 1718 greg. In Gdansk , † March 31 . Jul / 11. April 1783 . Greg in Saint Petersburg ) was 1764 to 1780 Russian Foreign Minister under Tsarina Catherine II.
Life
Nikita Panin spent his childhood with his younger brother Pyotr Ivanovich (1721–1789) in Perm , where his father Ivan Vasilyevich Panin (1673–1736) served as garrison commander.
Panin's rise was promoted by Chancellor Alexei Petrovich Bestuschew-Ryumin . With the accession of Tsarina Elisabeth to the throne in 1741, he received his first court office as chamberlain . In 1747 he became the Russian envoy in Copenhagen and in 1749 in Stockholm . In 1760 he returned to Russia and received a post as governor of Grand Duke Paul Petrovich . 1762 Panin was from Peter III. promoted to privy council, but was involved in the same year in the coup that deposed Peter and made Catherine the Great Tsarina. In 1763 Katharina appointed him to the Secret Cabinet Council and appointed him Minister of Foreign Affairs. In 1767 he was raised to the rank of count .
During the first decade of Catherine II's reign, Panin directed foreign affairs. In order to secure European peace and to protect Russia from unilateral European ties, he wanted to organize something like a collective security of European states. Panin wanted to counter the imperialist ambitions of the Bourbons and the Habsburgs through the overwhelming power of a Nordic system . Panin pursued the foreign policy principle of the "Nordic Accord" by considering Prussia and England as the most important allies, along with Saxony, Poland and the Scandinavian kingdoms. Together they should act as a counterweight to Austria, France and Spain. With this, Russian foreign policy under Panin deviated from ties to Austria. However, neither Prussia under Frederick the Great nor England was willing to enter into such close ties with Russia as Panin imagined.
Honors and memberships
- 1767: Counts
- 1782: Order of St. Vladimir
literature
- Genealogical manual of the Baltic knighthoods, Estonia, Görlitz 1930
- Nikita Ivanovich Panin . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 12, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 652.
- Pānin, Nikita Ivanovich . In: Meyers . 6th edition. Volume 15, p. 361 .
Web links
- Panin Nikita Ivanovich Russian Biographical Handbook (Russian)
- Article Nikita Ivanovich Panin in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- Coat of arms ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Alexander Mikhailovich Pushkin |
Russian envoy in Copenhagen 1747–1748 |
Johann Albrecht von Korff |
| Johann Albrecht von Korff |
Russian envoy in Stockholm 1748–1760 |
Ivan Andreevich Ostermann |
| Michael Larionowitsch Vorontsov |
Russian Foreign Minister 1764–1780 |
Ivan Andreevich Ostermann |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Panin, Nikita Ivanovich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Панин, Никита Иванович (Russian); Panin, Nikita Ivanovich (English transcription); Panin, Nikita Ivanovič |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian Minister for Russian Foreign Policy |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 29, 1718 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Danzig |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 11, 1783 |
| Place of death | St. Petersburg |