Pleosporales

Pleosporales
Conidia chain of an Alternaria mushroom
Systematics
Sub-kingdom : Dikarya Department : Ascomycota mushrooms Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina) Class : Dothideomycetes Subclass : Pleosporomycetidae Order : Pleosporales
Scientific name
Pleosporales
Luttrell ex ME Barr

The pleosporales are an order of the hose fungi .

features

The pleosporales are extraordinarily diverse due to their size. A common feature of the pleosporales is the occurrence of so-called pseudoparaphyses . Most species also have uniloculate fruiting bodies, that is, with a single cavity. The occurrence and appearance of certain structures such as papillae and ostioles (a tiny, superficial opening) is family- specific . The hoses are bit unique , mostly fissitunikat , mostly cylindrical, club-shaped or cylindrical-club-shaped, rarely also spherical. Some genera have a large apical, inamyloid ring (e.g. in the genus Massaria ). The ascospores can be hyaline or colored.

Way of life and distribution

The pleosporales are found worldwide and live in a wide variety of habitats. They can occur epiphytically , endophytically on living leaves or stems or bark, as well as parasitic, commensal or saprobic . Some species live hyperparasitic on fungi or insects or live with algae as lichens . Several families also have aquatic species, namely Aigialaceae, Morosphaeriaceae, Lentitheciaceae, Lindgomycetaceae, and Amniculicolaceae.

Systematics and taxonomy

The subclass of the Pleosporomycetidae was described in 2006 by Schoch and colleagues (2006), which belonged together phylogenetically and have pseudoparaphyses as a feature . It initially contained only the order of the Pleosporales and a single external species Lophium mytilinum . Other orders of the Hysteriales , Mytinidiales and Jahnulales were subsequently placed in the subclass, so that the subclass was no longer monotypical. The Pleosporales form the largest order of the class with 332 genera and over 4700 species in 28 families, although not all have been phylogenetically verified.

• Suborder Pleosporineae
  • Family Pleosporaceae
  • Cucurbitariaceae family
  • Leptosphaeriaceae family
  • Phaeosphaeriaceae family
  • Didymellaceae family
  • Didymosphaeriaceae family
  • Dothidotthiaceae family
• Subordination Massarinae
  • Lentitheciaceae family
  • family Massarinaceae
  • Montagnulaceae family
  • Morosphaeriaceae family
  • Family Trematosphaeriaceae
• other families within the Pleosporales
  • Aigialaceae family
  • Amniculicolaceae family
  • Arthopyreniaceae family
  • Family Delitschiaceae
  • Diademaceae family
  • Family Hypsostromataceae
  • Leptosphaeriaceae family
  • Lophiostomataceae family
  • Lindgomycetaceae family
  • Family Melanommataceae
  • Montagnulaceae family
  • Phaeosphaeriaceae family
  • Family Pleomassariaceae
    • Silver scab ( Helminthosporium solani )
  • Sporormiaceae family
  • Family Teichosporaceae
  • Family Tetraplosphaeriaceae
  • Family Zopfiaceae

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Conrad Schoch, Martin Grube: Pezizomycotina: Dothideomycetes and Arthoniomycetes . In: DJ McLaughlin, JW Spatafora (ed.): Systematics and Evolution, The mycota VII Part B . 2nd Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2015, p. 143-176 ( online ).
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Ying Zhang, Pedro W. Crous, Conrad L. Schoch, Kevin D. Hyde: Pleosporales . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 53 , 2012, p. 1-221 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-011-0117-x .

Web links

Commons : Pleosporales  - collection of images, videos and audio files