Hysteriaceae

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Hysteriaceae
Hysterium angustatum

Hysterium angustatum

Systematics
Department : Ascomycota mushrooms
Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina)
Class : Dothideomycetes
Subclass : Pleosporomycetidae
Order : Hysterical
Family : Hysteriaceae
Scientific name of the  order
Hysterical
Lindau
Scientific name of the  family
Hysteriaceae
Chevall.

The Hysteriaceae are the only family of the order of the Hysteriales within the department of the ashes .

features

The Hysteriaceae are well characterized by their special fruiting body , the so-called hysterothecium , which can, however, also occur in other groups. The hysterothecia consist of a dense, persistent charcoal-like structure, which has a clearly ship-like, ellipsoidal to very elongated outline with a pronounced elongated slit across the axis of the fruiting body. The hysterothecia are partially open when there is adequate moisture and reveal a lenticular to disc-shaped fruit layer . If the relative humidity is low, they are tightly closed. They are in the tissue, either sunken, erupting or entirely formed on the surface, and appear individually or as a group. They are sometimes branched or three-pointed (y-shaped) or arise on a subiculum , a basal hyphae . In a vertical incision, the hysterothecia are spherical to obovate, typically with a thick three-layer peridium consisting of small pseudoparenchymatic cells. The outer layer is heavily coated with a pigment and the surface is striped lengthways, the middle layer is pigmented much lighter, the inner layer is clearly thin-walled, pale and compressed. The hemathecium , the tissue between the tubes , consists of persistent pseudoparaphyses , i.e. sterile hyphae ends between the tubes, which often arise from a gel matrix. They often have darker tips or are branched and then form a so-called epithecium . Bitunicate tubes arise on a basal layer and are usually club-shaped to cylindrical when ripe. They have eight spores that are arranged in overlapping rows of two (biseriat). They are translucent to dark brown, inverted egg-shaped, club-shaped, ellipsoidal or spindle-shaped. With regard to their septation , they are very diverse and often show a bipolar asymmetry .

Way of life and distribution

The Hysteriaceae are mostly saprobic on wood or bark. Some species live with algae as lichens . They are widespread, especially in temperate areas.

Systematics and taxonomy

The Hysteriaceae family was founded in 1826 by the French botanist and medicin Chevall. described the order in 1896 by the German mycologist Gustav Lindau . For a long time the genera Glonium and the genus Cenococcum with the only widespread species Cenococcum geophilum belonged to the family, but both are now, based on phylogenetic data, placed in their own family (Gloniaceae) within the order of the Mytilinidiales . The genus Rhytidhysteron, on the other hand, has long been part of the Patellariaceae family , as its bowl-shaped fruiting bodies are an exception within the Hysteriaceae. Phylogenetic analyzes, however, showed their position within the Hysteriaceae. At the moment (as of May 2018) the following 14 genera belong to the family:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Eric WA Boehm, Conrad L. Schoch, Joseph W. Spatafora: On the evolution of the Hysteriaceae and Mytilinidiaceae (Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) using four nuclear genes . In: Mycological Research . tape 113 , no. 4 , 2009, p. 461-479 , doi : 10.1016 / j.mycres.2008.12.001 .
  2. ↑ Boehm, Eric .: Hysteriales. Hysteriaceae. In: The Tree of Life Web Project . Version 25 edition. 2008 ( online ).
  3. ^ Paul F. Cannon, Paul M. Kirk: Fungal families of the world . CABI Europe, Wallingford, Oxfordshire (UK) 2007, ISBN 978-0-85199-827-5 , pp. 173-174 ( available online ).
  4. ↑ Hysteriaceae . In: MycoBank . Mycobank, accessed April 26, 2018 .
  5. ↑ Kevin D. Hyde, EB Gareth Jones, Jian-Kui Liu, Hiran Ariyawansa, Eric Boehm, Saranyaphat Boonmee, Uwe Braun, Putarak Chomnunti, Pedro W. Crous, Dong-Qin Dai Paul Diederich Asha Dissanayake Mingkhuan Doilom, Francesco Doveri, Singang Hongsanan, Ruvishika Jayawardena, James D. Lawrey, Yan-Mei Li, Yong-Xiang Liu, Robert Lücking, Jutamart Monkai, Lucia Muggia, Matthew P. Nelsen, Ka-Lai Pang, Rungtiwa Phookamsak, Indunil C. Senanayake, Carol A. Shearer, Satinee Suetrong, Kazuaki Tanaka, Kasun M. Thambugala, Nalin N.Wijayawardene, Saowanee Wikee, Hai-Xia Wu, Ying Zhang, Begoña Aguirre-Hudson, S. Aisyah Alias, André Aptroot, AliH. Bahkali, Jose L. Bezerra, D. Jayarama Bhat, Erio Camporesi, Ekachai Chukeatirote, Cécile Gueidan, David L. Hawksworth, Kazuyuki Hirayama, Sybren De Hoog, Ji-Chuan Kang, Kerry Knudsen & Wen-Jing Li & Xing-Hong Li & Zou-Yi Liu & Ausana Mapook, Eric HC McKenzie, Andrew N. Miller, Peter E. Mortimer, Alan JL Phillips, Huzefa A. Raja, Christian Scheuer, Felix Schumm, Joanne E. Taylor, Qing Tian, ​​Saowaluck Tibpromma, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Yong Wang, Jian-Chu Xu, Supalak Yacharoen, Ji-Ye Yan, Min Zhang: Families of Dothideomycetes . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 63 , 2013, p. 1-313 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-013-0263-4 .
  6. ↑ Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Kevin D. Hyde, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Jian Kui Liu, Sajeewa SN Maharachchikumbura, Anusha H. Ekanayaka, Qing Tian, ​​Rungtiwa Phookamsak: Outline of Ascomycota: 2017 . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 88 , 2018, p. 167-263 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-018-0394-8 .

Web links

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