Cap langurs
| Cap langurs | ||||||||||||
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Thomas Langur ( P. thomasi ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Presbytis | ||||||||||||
| Eschscholtz , 1821 |
The surili or Surilis ( Presbytis ) are a primate species from the group of Slim monkeys within the family of Cercopithecidae . The genus comprises 19 species, all of which live in western Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula .
description
Boned langurs are rather small, slender primates. Their fur is brown, gray or black on the upper side and whitish on the underside, sometimes also orange-red, in some species there are fur markings on the head or on the hips. It is named after the hair on the head, which forms a tuft. They differ from the other langurs in terms of their skull structure (lack of bulges above the eyes), their teeth and their small thumbs. Hat langurs reach a head body length of 42 to 61 centimeters (with a 50 to 85 centimeter long tail) and a weight of 5 to 8 kilograms.
distribution and habitat
Hat langurs live in the south of the Malay Peninsula , on Sumatra , Borneo , Java and smaller offshore islands. Their habitat are forests, mostly lower-lying primary or secondary forests .
Way of life
Hat langurs, like all Old World monkeys, are diurnal. They spend almost their entire life in the trees, they are good jumpers or move around on all fours. These animals live predominantly in one-man groups of 4 to 15 animals. One species, the Mentawai langur , is known to have a monogamous way of life; in other species, this is probably not an original form, but a reaction to the decline in habitat. The groups are structured hierarchically, communication with one another takes place using a series of sounds and body postures.
food
The diet of the cap langur consists of young leaves, fruits and seeds.
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Phylogenetic system of cap langurs according to Abdul-Latiff et al. 2019
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Reproduction
After a gestation period of five to six months, a young is usually born. Newborn animals are colored white and have a black stripe on the back, sometimes a cross-shaped pattern. The boys are weaned when they are just over a year old and sexually mature when they are around four to five years old. Their life expectancy is estimated at around 20 years.
threat
As rainforest dwellers, they primarily suffer from the destruction of their habitat through clearing. Hunting plays a minor role because it ravages plantations. Almost all species are listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN in the Red List of Threatened Species as endangered, critically endangered or critically endangered.
The species
The genus of the cap langur has experienced a great deal of radiation - probably in connection with fluctuations in sea level in the Ice Age . There are numerous differently colored populations with an unclear systematic status. Since there are hardly any differences in the skeleton structure, the species are primarily defined by their coat markings and sounds, with the boundary between subspecies and species being fluid. The following list follows Mittermeier, Rylands & Wilson (2013), who distinguish 17 species. In addition, the two subspecies of the banded langur that were given species status in June 2020 are listed.
- The black and white comb langur ( P. bicolor ) only lives in a small area on Sumatra.
- The Kalimantan langur ( P. canicrus ) occurs in the east of Borneo.
- The Sarawak langur ( P. chrysomelas ) is endemic to the island of Borneo.
- The Java langur ( P. comata ) is native to the island of Java.
- Raffles' long-tailed langur ( P. femoralis ) is dark in color and lives in the south of the Malay Peninsula.
- The white-fronted langur ( P. frontata ) is named after a light spot on the tip of the head. He lives in Borneo.
- The pant langur ( P. hosei ) has a gray fur and noticeable stripes on the cheeks. It is also endemic to Borneo.
- The Sumatran langur ( P. melalophos ) is native to Sumatra.
- The southern comb langur ( Presbytis mitrata ) lives in the southeast of Sumatra.
- The Natuna langur ( P. natunae ) only lives on the Natuna Islands between the Malay Peninsula and Borneo.
- The Mentawai langur ( P. potentiani ) occurs exclusively on the Mentawai Islands off Sumatra.
- The East Sumatran banded langur ( P. percura ) lives in a small area in eastern Sumatra.
- Robinson's lavender ( P. robinsoni ) occurs in the north of the Malay Peninsula.
- The chestnut langur ( P. rubicunda ) is named after its reddish-brown fur. It is endemic to Borneo.
- The Sabah langur ( P. sabana ) occurs only in Sabah .
- The white-legged langur ( P. siamensis ) lives on the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.
- The Siberut langur ( P. siberu ) is endemic to Siberut .
- The black crested langur ( P. sumatrana ) lives in the north of Sumatra.
- The Thomas langur ( P. thomasi ) has a gray-black fur and is native to the Aceh province in Sumatra.
The crested langurs and Hanuman langurs , which were previously also included in the Presbytis genus , are now separate genus.
literature
- Thomas Geissmann : Comparative Primatology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin et al. 2003, ISBN 3-540-43645-6 .
- Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 1999, ISBN 0-8018-5789-9 .
- Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Muhammad Abu Bakar Abdul-Latiff, Hanisah Baharuddin, Pazil Abdul-Patah & Badrul Munir Md-Zain: Is Malaysia's banded langur, Presbytis femoralis femoralis, actually Presbytis neglectus neglectus? Taxonomic revision with new insights on the radiation history of the Presbytis species group in Southeast Asia. Primates. 60 (1): 63-79. doi: 10.1007 / s10329-018-0699-y
- ↑ Presbytis in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010. Retrieved March 15, 2010.
- ^ Russell A. Mittermeier , Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson : Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Primates: 3rd page 715-723, ISBN 978-8496553897
- ↑ Andie Ang, Dewi Imelda Roesma, Vincent Nijman, Rudolf Meier, Amrita Srivathsan and Rizaldi. 2020. Faecal DNA to the Rescue: Shotgun Sequencing of Non-invasive Samples reveals Two Subspecies of Southeast Asian Primates to be Critically Endangered Species. Scientific Reports. 10, 9396. DOI: 10.1038 / s41598-020-66007-8
