Provost office Illschwang
The Provost Office Illschwang was a provost office of the Benedictine order in Illschwang near Amberg in the Upper Palatinate ( Diocese of Eichstätt ).
history
In the old days Illschwang belonged with its subsidiary churches Frankenhof and Götzendorf to the Benedictine monastery Kastl , which from the 14th century until the Reformation also had the right of patronage over the parish of Illschwang; the tithing of the parish went to the abbot of Kastl, later to the local Jesuits and from 1773 to the local Knights of the Order of Malta .
In the early 12th century, Margrave Diepold III donated. (Diebold / Theobald) on the Nordgau († 1146), partisans of Emperor Heinrich V , and his mother Luitgard († 1119) the Benedictine monastery in Reichenbach am Regen as Hirsau's reform monastery and called monks from Kastl there. Construction began in 1118; Around 1120, the margrave gave the village "Ilswank" to his re-establishment, with the church and a free float from 13 surrounding villages with several farms. In 1135 Diepold gave further goods from the Illschwang area, the "Hewbisch / Heubisch", as well as the privilege of free election as bailiff to the monastery. The bailiwick, the lower jurisdiction, pledged the monastery to aristocratic families in the area well into the 14th century; these aristocrats then sat as bailiffs at court in Illschwang. In the 14th century, the monastery reacquired the bailiff.
When the provost's office was established as such, i.e. when the Reichenbach monastery specifically set up a provost as a secular official for the administration of his court march (from 1377) and as a judge (for the lower jurisdiction; the higher one lay with the Sulzbach district judge) in Illschwang and at his feet the church mountain a provost house, which later built the "castle", is not known; the provost's office was first mentioned in 1402. For centuries, the profitable provost's office was supposed to be a dispute for the territorial lords of Amberg and Sulzbach . For the first time a provost is recorded by name for 1468 , namely Hanns Raßner; the uninterrupted row of Illschwanger provost judges then continued until 1803, when secularization brought the monastery to its second dissolution; the first had brought about the Reformation. In 1669 the monastery was settled again by Benedictines, who continued to administer the Illschwanger provost district, the "Heubisch", to secular provosts. When there were later disagreements with them, the monastery appointed its own conventuals to be provost administrators, who also acted as parish vicars. The last since 1788 was Father Edmund Dorfner (born October 26, 1761), later director of the pilgrimage church Maria Hilf near Amberg and finally spiritual director of the Heilig Kreuz convent in Regensburg , where he died on September 5, 1837. In 1798, marriage law was held under him for the last time in Illschwanger Castle. Together with the Reichenbach monastery, the provost's office was secularized in 1803 , making the provost's subjects royal subjects of the Sulzbach regional court . The provost castle, renovated towards the end of the 18th century, has been a Catholic parsonage since secularization.
Religious conditions
In 1503 Illschwang fell to this when the Jungpfalz was formed . In 1543, under Palatine Ottheinrich, the new church order was introduced in Hofmark Reichenbach and thus also in Illschwang , and in 1556 the Catholic rite was officially abolished in the Upper Palatinate; Reichenbach Monastery was also affected and was dissolved. Sulzbach was now responsible for Illschwang's religious affairs. The Reichenbachsche Propsteistiftung passed to the electoral court chamber in Amberg.
In 1627 the Catholic faith was reintroduced by Pfalz-Neuburg; The Jesuits and the Franciscans held missions for this purpose. The Evangelical clergyman, who was pregnant with Ill, was deposed on September 22, 1627; His successor was a Jesuit from Amberg. In the course of the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 Illschwang became Protestant again in April 1649 according to the religious affiliation of 1624, the so-called normal year , against Elector Maximilian I , who finally gave in in the face of a new threatening Swedish invasion. In 1652, the Simultaneum was introduced in the Sulzbach areas in accordance with the "Cologne Treaty" between Pfalz-Neuburg and Sulzbach ; In Illschwang the Simultaneum began on December 13, 1653 with the appointment of a Jesuit as pastor. The provost church of Sankt Veit became a simultaneous church, with the Catholic side claiming sole ownership and only granting the Protestants one right of use. The church was expanded in 1700/02 by the Reichenbach Monastery, which had been resurrected in 1661 and was again independent since 1695, according to plans by Wolfgang Dientzenhofer . The Simultaneum repeatedly led to confessional disputes, because the Reichenbach provost's office had prevented the church property from being halved in 1653. The number of Catholics in Illschwang, which has been increasing since 1670, increased sharply until 1880. After attempts to dissolve the Simultaneum by negotiation had failed for decades, a simultaneous church administration was formed in 1957 .
literature
- Joh [ann] Pöhnlein: The provost of Illschwang. Contribution to the cultural history of the Middle Ages. I. From the Illschwanger Probstei registry. OO 1914
- Johann Pöhnlein: The last St. Fair in Illschwang. Pentecost 1542. From the Amberg district archive and the Illschwang provost registry. Sulzbach id Oberpfalz: Seidel'sche Buchdruckerei 1914
- Johann Pöhnlein: Catholic Counter-Reformation in Illschwang. III. From the provost's registry in Illschwang. Sulzbach id Oberpfalz: Seidel'sche Buchdruckerei 1914
- Johann Pöhnlein: IV. Curiosities from the old Provosty Illschwang. Sulzbach id Oberpfalz: Seidel'sche Buchdruckerei 1914
- Franz Sales Romstöck: Illschwang . In the same: the founders and monasteries of the diocese of Eichstätt up to 1806. In the collection sheet of the historical association Eichstätt 30 (1915), p. 54
- Franz Wehrl: "Confessio catholica". Faith, law and territorial sovereignty. Illschwang, a provost office of the Reichenbach monastery. Eichstätt: Franz Sales Verlag 1989
Coordinates: 49 ° 26 ′ 58 ″ N , 11 ° 41 ′ 8 ″ E