Protosteliales

Protosteliales
Systematics
Classification : Creature Domain : Eukaryotes (eukaryota) without rank: Amorphea without rank: Amoebozoa without rank: Protosteliales
Scientific name
Protosteliales

Fruit bodies of various former Protostelia species. Clockwise: Endostelium zonatum (top left), Schizoplamodiopsis vulgare , Cavostelium apophysatum , Echinosteliopsis oligospora

The Protostelia have long been considered one of the subclasses of the slime mold . They were the poorest in species and comprised only one order, the Protosteliales with fifteen genera and approximately forty species.

features

Representatives of the Protostelia in the trophic stage are either amoeba that crawl on the substrate or - in a rather damp to wet environment - flagellated amoeboflagellates. As amoebae, they have filopodia .

The fruiting bodies, so-called sporocarps , are only formed from amoeba . The sporocarp are stalked, the stalks acellular, hollow and between about 5 and 100 micrometers long. They carry between one and eight spurs.

Systematics

The name of the subclass was introduced in 1970 by Lindsay Shepherd Olive , that of the order as early as 1967, also by Olive. In a study from 2007, 36 species were specified for the Protostelia, but estimates based on sequenced environmental samples assume that the group of around 150 species is significantly larger than previously known.

The subclass comprised four families with the following genera in one order:

• Cavosteliaceae
  • Cavostelium
  • Ceratiomyxella
  • Planoprotostelium
  • Protosporangium
• Ceratiomyxaceae
  • Ceratiomyxa
• Echinosteliopsidaceae
  • Echinosteliopsis
• Protosteliaceae
  • Clastostelium
  • Endostelium
  • Microglomus
  • Nematostelium
  • Protosteliopsis
  • Protostelium
  • Schizoplasmodiopsis
  • Schizoplasmodium
  • Tychosporium

However, according to later molecular genetic studies, the taxon falls into many different groups. Some of them can be represented as direct sub-taxa of the Amoebozoa as follows :

• Protosteliida : Planoprotostelium , Protostelium .
• Cavosteliida : Cavostelium , Schizoplasmodiopsis , Tychosporium
• Protosporangiida
  • Protosporangiidae : Clastostelium , Protosporangium .
  • Ceratiomyxa
• Schizoplasmodiida : Ceratiomyxella, Nematostelium, Schizoplasmodium.

Some genera are also found in a completely different systematic place: Endostelium is part of the Pellitida (which in turn is part of the Flabellinia and this in turn is part of the Discosea ), Protosteliopsis belongs to the Vannellida (also part of the Flabellinia) and Echinosteliopsis and Microglomus are incertae sedis within the Amoebozoa.

All genera are either direct or indirect sub-taxa of the Amoebozoa, which are the lowest common taxon.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Sina M. Adl, Alastair GB Simpson, Mark A. Farmer, Robert A. Andersen, O. Roger Anderson, John R. Barta, Samual S. Bowser, Guy Brugerolle, Robert A. Fensome, Suzanne Fredericq, Timothy Y James, Sergei Karpov, Paul Kugrens, John Krug, Christopher E. Lane, Louise A. Lewis, Jean Lodge, Denis H. Lynn, David G. Mann, Richard M. McCourt, Leonel Mendoza, Øjvind Moestrup, Sharon E. Mozley -Standridge, Thomas A. Nerad, Carol A. Shearer, Alexey V. Smirnov, Frederick W. Spiegel, Max FJR Taylor: The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists . In: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology . Volume 52, No. 5, October 19, 2005, doi: 10.1111 / j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x , ISSN  1550-7408 , ISSN  1066-5234 , pp. 399-451. PMID 16248873 . doi : 10.1111 / j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x . (English; full text ).
2. ↑ Sina M. Adl, Brian S. Leander, Alastair GB Simpson, John M. Archibald, O. Roger Anderson, David Bass, Samuel S. Bowser, Guy Brugerolle, Mark A. Farmer, Sergey Karpov, Martin Kolisko, Christopher E. Lane, Deborah J. Lodge, David G. Mann, Ralf Meisterfeld, Leonel Mendoza, Øjvind Moestrup, Sharon E. Mozley-Standridge, Alexey V. Smirnov, Frederick Spiegel: Diversity, Nomenclature, and Taxonomy of Protists . Systematic Biology . Volume 56, No. 4, 2007, doi: 10.1080 / 10635150701494127 , ISSN  1063-5157 , ISSN  1076-836X , pp. 684-689 ( full text at Oxford University Press ).
3. ↑ slimemold.uark.edu: The Eumycetozoan Project Database , accessed January 14, 2012.
4. ↑ ^{a b c} Sina M. Adl, Alastair GB Simpson, Christopher E. Lane, Julius Lukeš, David Bass, Samuel S. Bowser, Matthew W. Brown, Fabien Burki, Micah Dunthorn, Vladimir Hampl, Aaron Heiss, Mona Hoppenrath, Enrique Lara, Line le Gall, Denis H. Lynn, Hilary McManus, Edward AD Mitchell, Sharon E. Mozley-Stanridge, Laura W. Parfrey, Jan Pawlowski, Sonja Rueckert, Laura Shadwick, Conrad L. Schoch, Alexey Smirnov, Frederick W. Spiegel: The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes . In: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology . Volume 59, No. 5, September 28, 2012, doi: 10.1111 / j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x , ISSN  1550-7408 , ISSN  1066-5234 , pp. 429-493 (English; PDF file , 828, 83 KiB, in the Wiley Online Library by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ).