Lamprophiidae
Lamprophiidae | ||||||||||||
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Lamprophiidae | ||||||||||||
Fitzinger , 1843 |
The Lamprophiidae are a family of small, snake-like snakes found in Africa, Madagascar , the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent .
External systematics and characteristics
External relationship of the Lamprophiidae | |||||||||||||||||||||
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The Lamprophiidae are all small to medium-sized, snake or viper-like snakes. The family includes subfamilies and genera from the formerly paraphyletic family of the snakes (Colubridae) which are more closely related to the poisonous snakes (Elapidae) than to the snakes.
The close relationship and separation of these subfamilies and genera from the adder is based on molecular biological studies and is only supported by a few morphological features.
Zaher and colleagues name a special shape of the sulcus spermaticus for the Lamprophiidae , a channel on the inside of the hemipenis , in which the sperm are guided into the female cloaca during copulation. The spermatic sulcus of the Lamprophiidae divides on the middle section of the hemipenis.
Internal system
In the following, the systematics of the Reptile Database is shown , which is based on Pyron and colleagues.
Subfamily Aparallactinae
In the subfamily Aparallactinae there are 50 species in ten genera:
- Amblyodipsas Peters, 1857
- Aparallactus Smith, 1849
- Brachyophis Mocquard, 1888
- Chilorhinophis Werner, 1907
- Hypoptophis Boulenger, 1908
- Macrelaps Boulenger, 1896
- Micrelaps Boettger, 1880
- Polemon Jan, 1858
- Xenocalamus Günther, 1868
Subfamily Atractaspidinae
In the subfamily Atractaspidinae there are 24 species in two genera:
- Atractaspis Smith, 1849
- Homoroselaps Jan, 1858
The two subfamilies Aparallactinae and Atractaspidinae are not placed in the Lamprophiidae family by Zaher and colleagues, but are grouped together to form the terrestrial viper family (Atractaspididae).
Subfamily Lamprophiinae
Diagnostic features of the subfamily Lamprophiinae are the thorn-like ossification of the skin of the hemipenis , which stand in transverse rows and are connected at the base with frill-like tissue. The characteristic is poorly developed in some taxa, such as the genus Bothrolycus .
In the subfamily Lamprophiinae there are almost 70 species in eleven genera:
- Boaedon Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854
- Bothrolycus Günther, 1874
- Bothrophthalmus Peters, 1863
- Chamaelycus Boulenger, 1919
- Dendrolycus Laurent, 1956
- Gonionotophis Boulenger, 1893
- Hormonotus Hallowell, 1857
- Swaziland house snake Inyoka Branch & Kelly, 2011
- Lamprophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Lycodonomorphus Fitzinger, 1843
- Lycophidion Fitzinger, 1843
- Pseudoboodon Peracca, 1897
Subfamily Psammophiinae
In the subfamily Psammophiinae there are 50 species in eight genera:
- Dipsina Jan, 1862
- Hemirhagerrhis Boettger, 1893
- Malpolon Fitzinger, 1826
- Mahafalynatter ( Mimophis Günther, 1868)
- Psammophis Fitzinger, 1826
- Psammophylax Fitzinger, 1843
- Moilanatter Rhagerhis Peters, 1862
- Rhamphiophis Peters, 1854
Subfamily Prosymninae
In the subfamily Prosymninae there are 16 species in only one genus:
- Prosymna Gray, 1849
Subfamily Pseudaspidinae
In the subfamily Pseudaspidinae there are two species in two monotypical genera:
- Mole snake Pseudaspis Fitzinger, 1843
- Pythonodipsas Günther, 1868
Subfamily Pseudoxyrhophiinae
Diagnostic features of the subfamily Pseudoxyrhophiinae are the reduced thorn-like skin ossification of the hemipenis . Except for Mimophis , all higher snakes ( Caenophidia ) of Madagascar belong to this subfamily. In addition, Pseudoxyrhophiinae live on the Comoros , Ditypophis is endemic to Socotra . Amplorhinus and Duberria are endemic to the African continent.
In the subfamily Pseudoxyrhophiinae there are 85 species in 23 genera:
- Alluaudina Mocquard, 1894
- Amplorhinus Smith, 1847
- Brygophis Domergue & Bour, 1989
- Compsophis Mocquard, 1894
- Ditypophis Günther, 1881
- Dromicodryas Boulenger, 1893
- Duberria Fitzinger, 1826
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Exallodontophis Cadle, 1999 with only one species
- Exallodontophis albignaci (Domergue, 1984) ( Synonym : Elapotinus picteti Jan, 1862)
- Heteroliodon Boettger, 1913
- Ithycyphus Günther, 1873
- Leaf-nose snakes ( Langaha Bonnaterre, 1790)
- Leioheterodon Boulenger, 1893
- Liophidium Boulenger, 1896
- Liopholidophis Mocquard, 1904
- Lycodryas Günther, 1879
- Madagascarophis Mertens, 1952
- Micropisthodon Mocquard, 1894
- Pararhadinaea Boettger, 1898
- Parastenophis Nagy, Glaw & Vences , 2010
- Phisalixella Nagy, Glaw & Vences, 2010
- Pseudoxyrhopus Günther, 1881
- Thamnosophis Jan, 1863
literature
- Hussam Zaher, Felipe Gobbi Grazziotin, John E. Cadle, Robert W. Murphy, Julio Cesar de Moura-Leite, Sandro L. Bonatto: Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Pap. Avulsos Zool. (São Paulo) vol. 49 no.11 São Paulo, 2009, doi : 10.1590 / S0031-10492009001100001 PDF
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Zaher et al. (2009), page 137.
- ↑ The REPTILE DATABASE: Suborder Ophidia (Serpentes) - Snakes
- ↑ Pyron, RA, et al. (2010): The phylogeny of advanced snakes (Colubroidea), with discovery of a new subfamily and comparison of support methods for likelihood trees. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. (2010), doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2010.11.006
- ↑ Aparallactinae in The Reptile Database
- ^ Atractaspidinae in The Reptile Database
- ↑ Zaher et al. (2009), p. 136.
- ^ Lamprophiinae in The Reptile Database
- ↑ Psammophiinae in The Reptile Database
- ↑ Prosymninae in Reptile Database
- ^ Pseudaspidinae in The Reptile Database
- ↑ Nicolas Vidal, William R. Branch, Olivier SG Pauwels, S. Blair Hedges, Donald G. Broadley, Michael Wink, Corinne Cruaud, Ulrich Joger, Zoltán T. Nagy: Dissecting the major African snake radiation: a molecular phylogeny of the Lamprophiidae Fitzinger (Serpentes, Caenophidia) . In: Zootaxa . tape 1945 , 2008, ISSN 1175-5326 , p. 51-66 .
- ↑ Pseudoxyrhophiinae in The Reptile Database
- ↑ JE Cadle: The dentition, systematics, and phylogeny of Pseudoxyrhopus and related genera from Madagascar (Serpentes: Colubridae), with descriptions of a new species and a new genus. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 155, 8, pages 381-443, 1999
- ↑ C. Kucharzewski et al .: A taxonomic mystery for more than 150 years: Identity, systematic position and Malagasy origin of the snake Elapotinus picteti Jan, 1862, and synonymy of Exallodontophis Cadle, 1999 (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae). Zootaxa, 3852, 2, pp. 179-202, 2014