Punctured residual limb runner

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Punctured residual limb runner
Punctured residual limb runner, ♀

Punctured residual limb runner, ♀

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Beetle (Coleoptera)
Family : Ground beetle (Carabidae)
Subfamily : Harpalinae
Genre : Licinus
Type : Punctured residual limb runner
Scientific name
Licinus punctatulus
( Fabricius , 1792)
Licinus punctatulus detail.jpg Licinus punctatulus front.jpg Licinus punctatulus side.jpg
Fig. 4 Side view, male
Fig. 2: Front view, male Licinus punctatulus (Fabricius, 1782) (2872661460) .jpg
Licinus larva Reitter.png
Fig. 1 Detail of the wing cover Fig. 3 Larva of the genus ( Reitter ) Fig. 5 Specimen

The spotted sniper beetle , also spotted ground beetle ( Licinus punctatulus ), is a beetle from the family of ground beetles and the subfamily Harpalinae . The genus Licinus is represented in Europe with fourteen species , which are divided into two sub-genera. Worldwide it comprises 29 species in four subgenera. The species is listed in the Red Lists of Germany, Hesse and Thuringia as extinct or missing (Category 0), in Saxony-Anhalt it is considered critically endangered . (Category 1).

Notes on the name

The generic name stump-nosed runner means "ground beetle with blunt upper jaws". The beetle was first described by Fabricius in 1792 under the name Carabus punctatulus . The Latin characterization, which consists of nine words, contains the phrase elytris punctato substriatis ( Latin with indistinctly dotted, striped wing-coverts). This explains the species name punctātulus (Latin: weakly dotted). The genus Licinus was established by Latreille in 1802 . Latreille gives no explanation for the name. According to Schenkling , Licīnus is a Roman proper name.

Description of the beetle

The beetle, which is bald except for a few bristles, is flat and black like all species of the genus. It becomes thirteen to seventeen millimeters long.

The head is rounded. The head shield is outlined at the front. The upper lip has a shiny basement membrane that is mostly exposed. The upper lip is much wider than long and cut out in front. A series of bristle-bearing points runs parallel to the front edge . The short upper jaws meet with the cutting edge like a pair of pliers. This is blunt, edged and limited by humps. The long four-section jaw buttons and the three-section lip buttons are truncated at an angle at the end or even be ax-shaped. The outer tray of the lower jaw is designed as a two-part third button with a spindle-shaped end member. The eleven-link, thread-like antennae are deflected in front of the eyes over the base of the upper jaw. They are hairy from the fourth link. The cross-section of the sensor is circular everywhere. The third antennae is shorter than the fourth. In this way one can distinguish the genus from black species of the genus Chlaenius , in which the third antennae is longer than the fourth. There are two pore points above the eyes, each of which has a long bristle (supraorbital bristle).

The pronotum is not shiny. The sides are not narrowed heart-shaped towards the base, but rather strongly convex. The rear corners are very broadly rounded. The front corners are pulled forward a little. The pronotum is narrowed roughly equally to the front and back. It is significantly wider than it is long. The widest point is just before half the length. There is a bristle point on each side. The sides of the pronotum are bounded by a bulge that widens towards the base. The pronotum is infinitely punctured near its center, but along the base the puncture is prominent and wrinkled.

The label is triangular strongly pointed.

The elytra are broadly oval. The shoulders are broadly rounded, the side edge is set off by a wide throat. The elytra are neither shiny (as in Licinus hoffmannseggi ) nor matt (as in Licinus silphoides ), but not very shiny (shiny). They have nine largely parallel stripes and, in addition, a strongly shortened stripe of densely arranged points on the label. These seam-like point strips are more or less superficial, not indented with furrows (Fig. 1). The intervals are usually, but not always, increased. On the intervals there are individual, somewhat pitted, recessed points that are somewhat larger and much further apart than the points of the stripes.

The legs are designed as typical walking legs with five-limbed tarsi. The males have only two enlarged tarsi members on the front legs (Fig. 2), while usually several tarsi members are enlarged in male ground beetles.

biology

The beetle can be found under stones in semi-arid to dry biotopes at low altitudes.

The animals reproduce in autumn. In Spain, the evaluation of catches in soil traps in different habitats showed that the beetles concentrate massively in open biotopes during the mating season , where a certain amount of soil moisture is combined with the shade of trees.

distribution

The species occurs mainly in southwest Europe ( Spain , Portugal , Belgium , British Isles , France , Germany , Italy , Croatia ) and Morocco . From the Mediterranean islands, the Azores , Balearic Islands , Canaries , Malta , Sicily and Sardinia are mentioned. In Europe the beetle occurs in the subspecies Licinus punctatulus granulatus . Only in the Balearic Islands does the trunk form Licinus punctatulus punctatulus radiate from Africa .

literature

  • Heinz Joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: The beetles of Central Europe . tape 2 . Adephaga 1. Elsevier, Spektrum, Akad. Verl., Munich 1976, ISBN 3-87263-025-3 . P. 255f
  • Gustav Jäger (Ed.): CG Calwer’s Käferbuch . K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition p. 35

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire Volume I, KGLutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1908, genus p. 183, Fig. Plate 27 2a - 2i
  2. ↑ a b Licinus punctatulus in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved January 21, 2014
  3. ^ Licinus (subgenus) in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved January 21, 2014 and Neorescius (subgenus) from Fauna Europaea. Retrieved January 21, 2014
  4. ↑ a b c Licinus at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved January 21, 2014
  5. ↑ Pages on the genus and subgenera in BioLib Taxon Profile by Licinus Latreille , 1802
  6. ↑ Red lists at Science4you as of 1998
  7. ↑ Red list of tiger beetles and ground beetles in Hesse's Hessian Ministry of the Interior and for Agriculture, Forests and Nature Conservation. As of October 2005 [1]
  8. ^ Johann Christian Fabricius: Entomologia systematica emendata et auct. Copenhagen 1792 p. 150 at Gallica S 150 punctatulus
  9. ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
  10. ↑ PALatreille: Histoire naturelle général et particulière des crustacées et insectes vol. 3, 1802 (year 10 of the republic) p. 92 preview in the Google book search
  11. ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus) .
  12. ↑ a b P.A. Latreille: Genera crustaceorum et insectorum vol. 6, Paris 1791 in BHL p. 199 genus
  13. ↑ De Borre: Notices sur les espèces de tribus des Panagéides, des Loricérides, des Chlaeniides, et des Broscides, qui se rencontrent en Belgique in Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 11th volume, Brussels 1878 p. 100, Licinus p. 105 [2]
  14. ↑ Coleo-net, identification key for Licinus, accessed on January 22, 2014
  15. ↑ AM Cárdenas, C. Bach: Contribución al conocimiento de los Carábidos (Col. Carabidae) de Sierra Morena Central Boletín Asoc. esp. Entom. Vol. 13 November 1989, pp. 9-19 [3]
  16. ↑ A. de los Santos, C. Montez, L. Ramírez-Díaz: Modelos espaciales de algunas poblaciones de coleópteros terrestres en dos ecosistemas del Bajo Guadalquivir Mediterránea Ser. Biol. No. 6 1982 pp. 65-92 [4]
  17. ↑ JA Alcover, E. Ballesteros, JJFornos (ed.): História natural de L'arxipèlag de Cabrera Palma de Mallorca 1993 ISBN 84-273-0703-9 [5]

Web links

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