Purple bells

Purple bells
	Heuchera × brizoides
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order :	Saxifragales (Saxifragales)
Family :	Saxifragaceae (Saxifragaceae)
Genre :	Purple bells
Scientific name
	Heuchera
	L.

Heuchera ( Heuchera ) constitute a genus within the family of the Saxifragaceae (Saxifragaceae). The approximately 37 species are distributed in North America from Canada to Mexico.

description

Habit, leaves and inflorescences of Heuchera maxima

Section of an inflorescence of Heuchera maxima

Vegetative characteristics

Heuchera species are usually evergreen , perennial , herbaceous plants that reach heights of 3 to 145 cm and grow in clumps. They usually form underground, compact, often branched rhizomes that are covered with scales. Some species form runners (stolons) . Many parts of plants above ground have hairs that end in multicellular glands ( trichomes ). All or most of the leaves stand together in a basal rosette. The ascending or upright stems are not leafless or have one to five alternate leaves in Heuchera alba , Heuchera americana , Heuchera bracteata , Heuchera caroliniana , Heuchera longiflora , Heuchera pubescens .

The leaves are divided into long petioles and leaf blades. The leaf blades are green or, in some varieties, with a bronze to purple tinge, are round to oblong, egg, kidney, heart or palm shaped, then three to nine lobes. The pinnate leaf surfaces are smooth to glandular and hairy and sticky in Heuchera maxima , Heuchera micrantha , Heuchera parishii , Heuchera parviflora , Heuchera pilosissima . The leaf margin is notched, serrated to serrated, sometimes with simple or glandular eyelashes. Stipules are present.

Generative characteristics

In branched, loose, umbrella-clustered total inflorescences from differently structured partial inflorescences are 100 to 1000 flowers and bracts together. In the partial inflorescences, the flowers stand over foliage-like to scale-shaped bracts over pedicels.

The hermaphroditic, five-fold flowers are radially symmetrical to zygomorphic , five-fold and usually bell-shaped with double perianth . The green, white, cream-colored to yellow or pink, purple to red flower cup (hypanthium) is usually fused to a quarter to a half with the ovary; the free area is 0.1 to 7 mm long, it extends until the fruit is ripe. The five (in Heuchera eastwoodiae six) mostly unequal, green, white, cream-colored to yellow or pink, purple to red, often green or red patterned sepals are fused. There are usually five free, nailed, green, white, cream-colored to yellow or pink, purple to red petals , in some species they are only small or are usually absent in Heuchera chlorantha , Heuchera cylindrica , Heuchera eastwoodiae . There is only one (the outer) circle with five ( Heuchera eastwoodiae six) stamens . The anthers are usually orange or yellow. Two carpels are a half under constant, single-chamber ovary completely overgrown. The placentation is parietal. Yellow, rarely orange nectar tissue is often present on the ovaries. The two styluses each end in a head-like scar.

Two-beaked capsule fruits are formed. The dark brown or black-brown seeds are egg-shaped, ellipsoidal, spindle-shaped or straight on one side and convex, prickly or smooth in Heuchera parviflora on the other .

The basic chromosome number is n = 7.

distribution

The genus Heuchera is a species-rich genus of the Saxifragaceae family, it occurs exclusively from North America (32 species) to Mexico (five species). Many species thrive in mountainous regions, often near the banks of rivers. But some are also found in more extreme biotopes, such as Heuchera maxima , which grows on the exposed rocky coasts of the Californian Channel Islands , or Heuchera sanguinea , which thrives in the dry, warm canyons of Arizona .

Roller purple bells ( Heuchera cylindrica )

Heuchera hallii

Small-flowered purple bell ( Heuchera micrantha )

× Heucherella 'Stoplight'

Systematics

The genus Heuchera was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 226. The type species is Heuchera americana L. The generic name Heuchera honors the German doctor and botanist Johann Heinrich von Heucher (1677–1746).

There are about 37 (up to 50) Heuchera species (selection):

Heuchera abramsii Rydb. : It occurs in California at altitudes between 2800 and 3100 meters above sea level.
Heuchera alba Rydb. : It occurs in Virginia and West Virginia.
Tall purple bell ( Heuchera americana L. ): It is common with three varieties in eastern North America.
Heuchera bracteata (Torr.) Ser. : It occurs in Colorado and Wyoming at altitudes between 1700 and 3500 meters above sea level.
Heuchera brevistaminea Wiggins : It occurs in California.
Heuchera caespitosa Eastwood : It occurs in California.
Heuchera caroliniana (Rosendahl, Butters & Lakela) EFWells : It is found in North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia.
Heuchera chlorantha Piper : It occurs in British Columbia, Oregon and Washington.
Roller purple bells ( Heuchera cylindrica Douglas ex Hook. ): It is common in western North America.
Heuchera eastwoodiae Rosendahl et al. : It occurs in Arizona.
Heuchera elegans Abrams : It occurs in California.
Bald purple bell ( Heuchera glabra Willd. Ex Roem. & Schult. ): It thrives at altitudes between 0 and 1500 meters in the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia and in the US states of Alaska, Oregon and Washington.
Heuchera glomerulata Rosendahl, Butters & Lakela : It occurs in Arizona and New Mexico.
Glandular purple bells ( Heuchera grossulariifolia Rydb. ): It occurs in the US states of Washington, Idaho and Montana.
Heuchera hallii A.Gray : It occurs in the US state of Colorado at altitudes between 2200 and 3000 meters above sea level.
Heuchera hirsutissima Rosendahl et al. : It occurs in California at altitudes between 2100 and 35oo meters above sea level.
Heuchera longiflora Rydb. : It occurs in the US states of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia.
Heuchera maxima Greene : It occurs only on the Californian Channel Islands .
Heuchera merriamii Eastwood : It occurs in California and Oregon.
Heuchera mexicana Schaffner : It only occurs in Mexico.
Small-flowered purple bell ( Heuchera micrantha Douglas ex Lindl. ): It is distributed in five varieties in western North America.
Heuchera novamexicana Wheelock : It occurs in the US states of Arizona and New Mexico.
Heuchera orizabensis Hemsl. : It only occurs in Mexico.
Heuchera parishii Rydb. : It occurs in California.
Heuchera parviflora Bartl. : It occurs in two varieties in the eastern US states.
Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray : It occurs in western North America.
Coastal purple bells ( Heuchera pilosissima Fisch. & CAMey. ): It occurs only in California.
Hairy purple bell ( Heuchera pubescens Pursh ): It is native to the eastern United States.
Beautiful purple bell ( Heuchera pulchella Wooton & Standl. ): It occurs in the US state of New Mexico.
Prairie purple bells ( Heuchera richardsonii R.Br. ): It is widespread in North America
Heart-leaved purple bell ( Heuchera rubescens Torr. ): It occurs in the US states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Texas and Utah and in the Mexican state of Baja California.
True purple bells or blood purple bells ( Heuchera sanguinea Engelm. ): It thrives at altitudes between 1200 and 2600 meters in Arizona, New Mexico and the Mexican state of Chihuahua.
Pointed-leaved purple bell ( Heuchera villosa Michx. ): It is distributed in two varieties in the central and eastern USA.
Heuchera wootonii Rydb. : It occurs in the US state of New Mexico at altitudes between 2100 and 3700 meters above sea level.

There are horticultural hybrids :

Heuchera × brizoides hoard. ex Lemoine (= Heuchera americana × Heuchera micrantha × Heuchera sanguinea )

There are also horticultural hybrids between Heuchera and Tiarella : × Heucherella :

× Heucherella tiarelloides (Lemoine & É.Lemoine) HRWehrh.

Leaf rosette of the Heuchera variety 'Starry Night'

use

Today there are numerous varieties and hybrids , mostly between Heuchera sanguinea and Heuchera americana ( Heuchera × brizoides ), which are planted as bedding or rock garden plants in parks and gardens in the temperate to subtropical areas in addition to the varieties of the original species. There are also varieties of Heuchera americana , Heuchera cylindrica , Heuchera grossulariifolia , Heuchera micrantha , Heuchera richardsonii , Heuchera rubescens , Heuchera sanguinea and Heuchera villosa . Other German trivial names for red- leaved varieties are Bronze Bell and Red-leaved Silver Bell .

Philatelic

On December 4, 2014, the first day of issue, Deutsche Post AG issued a postage stamp worth 395 euro cents with the image of a purple bell in the Flowers series . The design comes from the Klein und Neumann design office in Iserlohn .

swell

Elizabeth Fortson Wells & Barbara Greene Shipes: Heuchera , p. 84 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 8 - Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 (Sections Description, Systematics, Distribution and Use)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum , 1, 1753, p. 226 scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
↑ Le Roy Abrams & Roxana Stinchfield Ferris: An Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States, Volume 2: Polygonaceae to Krameriaceae - buckwheats to kramerias , Stanford University Press, 1923: Google-Books-Online. Heuchera , pp. 378-379.
^ Heuchera in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x Elizabeth Fortson Wells & Barbara Greene Shipes: Heuchera , p. 84 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 8 - Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6
↑ Michael S. Park: Heuchera : Jepson eFlora , 2012 - Online.
↑ Patent for the 'Starry Night' variety

Web links

Commons : Purple Bells - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Entries about Heuchera in Plants For A Future

[Zander2008-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .

[biodiversitylibrary-2] Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum , 1, 1753, p. 226 scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .

[Abrams1923-3] Le Roy Abrams & Roxana Stinchfield Ferris: An Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States, Volume 2: Polygonaceae to Krameriaceae - buckwheats to kramerias , Stanford University Press, 1923: Google-Books-Online. Heuchera , pp. 378-379.

[GRIN-4] Heuchera in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[FoNA-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x Elizabeth Fortson Wells & Barbara Greene Shipes: Heuchera , p. 84 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 8 - Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6

[Jepson-6] Michael S. Park: Heuchera : Jepson eFlora , 2012 - Online.

[7] Patent for the 'Starry Night' variety