Pyrroloquinoline quinone

Structural formula
General
Surname	Pyrroloquinoline quinone
other names	Methoxatin; 2,7,9-tricarboxypyrroloquinoline quinone; 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1 H -pyrrolo [2,3- f ] quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid;
Molecular formula	C 14 H 6 N 2 O 8
Brief description	dark red powder
External identifiers / databases
PubChem	1024
ChemSpider	997
DrugBank	DB03205
Wikidata	Q414583
properties
Molar mass	330.21 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling ; no classification available
GHS hazard labeling ; no classification available
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Pyrroloquinoline (Engl. Pyrroloquinoline quinone , shortly PQQ ) or Methoxatin was an important cofactor in metabolic processes discovered until 2003. It is believed that PQQ is an important redox cofactor that can be classified as a new B vitamin like niacin and riboflavin .

properties

Six enzymes are now known in bacteria that have PQQ as a cofactor. Mammals need PQQ as a cofactor for dopamine hydroxylase . Plants also seem to produce at least two proteins that bind PQQ.

Occurrence

PQQ is found in various types of vegetables and meat.

requirement

The need for humans or the need to take PQQ are not yet known and are still the subject of research. In mice, a low-PQQ diet has resulted in poor skin , poor growth, lower immune defenses, and decreased reproductive behavior.

Individual evidence

↑ Data sheet pyrroloquinoline quinone from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on June 15, 2011 ( PDF ).
↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
↑ Kasahara, T. & Kato, T. (2003): Nutritional biochemistry: A new redox-cofactor vitamin for mammals. In: Nature . 422, 832; PMID 12712191 ; doi : 10.1038 / 422832a .
↑ UniProt search for PQQ

literature

Duine, JA & Jongejan, JA (1989): Quinoproteins, enzymes with pyrrolo-quinoline quinone as cofactor. In: Annu. Rev. Biochem. Vol. 58, pp. 403-426; PMID 2549854 ; doi : 10.1146 / annurev.bi.58.070189.002155 .

Web links

PQQ is the first new vitamin in 55 years ( Memento from March 14, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
PQQ
The biochemical background of vinegar fermentation

[1] Data sheet pyrroloquinoline quinone from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on June 15, 2011 ( PDF ).

[NV-2] This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.

[3] Kasahara, T. & Kato, T. (2003): Nutritional biochemistry: A new redox-cofactor vitamin for mammals. In: Nature . 422, 832; PMID 12712191 ; doi : 10.1038 / 422832a .

[4] UniProt search for PQQ