Re-education
The term re-education is and has been used in various contexts.
Reeducation
The original US-American name Reeducation , later Reorientation or Re-Orientation, was the generic term for the programs in connection with denazification to overcome National Socialism . The program was called "Reconstruction" by the British, "mission civilisatrice" by the French and "anti-fascist-democratic transformation" in the Soviet occupation zone (SBZ), the later GDR .
The Neue Zeitung was published in the American zone of occupation after the Second World War and was also intended by its American publishers as a means of political re-education.
Nazi era in Germany
After the failed assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler on July 20, 1944 , the children of the resistance fighters were abducted by the Gestapo and taken to the Bad Sachsa Nazi children's home . The plan was to intern up to 200 children and young people in Bad Sachsa . They should be robbed of their identity and given new names. Later they should be given to adoptive families . The aim was a complete re-education of the children for " leaders , people and fatherland".
Youth welfare in the GDR
The special homes formed their own organizational structure within the youth welfare home system in the GDR . The task of the special homes was to re-educate children and young people between the ages of 6 and 18 who had been classified as difficult to educate.
The Jugendwerkhof was a facility in the system of special youth welfare homes in the GDR. The task of the Jugendwerkhof was to re-educate "with the aim of educating full-fledged members of the socialist society and conscious citizens of the German Democratic Republic."
Ideological polarity reversal with the help of pressure
Re-education is sometimes used in the sense of ideological reversal of polarity with the help of pressure:
- In the assimilation policy
- z. B. in China, see e.g. B. Re-education through work
- Labor and re-education camps in Vietnam, North Korea, Cambodia, for North Korea see Kyo-hwa-so .
- At the time of National Socialism, it was sometimes claimed that the concentration camps were used for “re-education”.
- The Piteşti Experiment of the Romanian Secret Service from 1949 to 1952.
left handed
In the past, re-education from left-handed to right-handed was widespread.
literature
- Andreas Gatzemann: The education to the "new" person in the youth work yard Torgau: a contribution to the cultural memory, Lit Verlag , Berlin / Münster 2008, ISBN 978-3-8258-1599-8 (= dictatorship and resistance , volume 14, dissertation University Passau 2008).
- Jörn Gerhard: The youth work yard in the youth welfare system of the GDR , Cuvillier Verlag , Göttingen 1995, ISBN 3-89588-084-1 ( dissertation Uni Göttingen 1994).
- Ine Hopfer: Robbed identity: the violent “Germanization” of Polish children during the Nazi era , Böhlau Verlag , Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2010, ISBN 978-3-205-78462-3 .
- Christian Sachse: Aim of re-education: Special homes of the GDR youth welfare service 1945 - 1989 in Saxony . Leipziger Universitätsverlag , Leipzig 2013, ISBN 978-3-86583-787-5 (= Bend and Bend , special volume; series of memorials and meeting places in the former closed youth workshop in Torgau ).
- Rahel Marie Vogel: On the way to becoming a new person: re-education to a “socialist personality” in the youth work centers Hummelshain and Wolfersdorf (1961 - 1989) , Lang, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin / Bern / Bruxelles / New York, NY / Oxford / Vienna 2010 , ISBN 978-3-631-60259-1 (= Europäische Hochschulschriften / European University Studies / Publications Universitaires Européennes , Volume 1075, History and its auxiliary sciences , Volume 1075, at the same time state examination paper at the Humboldt University of Berlin 2008 under the title: Re-education for " socialist personality "in the GDR youth workshops in Hummelshain and Wolfersdorf (1961-1989) ).
Individual evidence
- ^ Tent, JF (1982). Mission on the Rhine: "Reeducation" and Denazification in American-Occupied Germany. University of Chicago Press.
- ↑ Pronay, N., & Wilson, KM (Eds.). (1985). The Political re-education of Germany & her allies after World War II. Taylor & Francis.
- ^ Gerhardt, U. (1996). A Hidden Agenda of Recovery: The Psychiatric Conceptualization of Re-education for Germany in the United States during World War II. German History, 14 (3), 297-324.
- ^ Fisher, J. (2007). Disciplining Germany: Youth, Reeducation, and Reconstruction after the Second World War. Wayne State University Press.
- ↑ "Kinship Liability": How Hitler took revenge on children, NDR 07/18/19
- ↑ Verena Zimmermann: "Creating the new person", the re-education of difficult to educate and delinquent young people in the GDR (1945-1990) . Böhlau , Köln / Weimar 2004, ISBN 3-412-12303-X ( Dissertation Uni Munich 2000).
- ↑ Sachse, C. (2013). Aim of re-education: Special homes of the GDR youth welfare service 1945-1989 in Saxony. Leipzig University Press.
- ↑ Jachertz, N. (2012). Special homes in the GDR: The violent re-education in the GDR left many traumatized victims. Deutsches Arzteblatt-Medical Communications-Edition A, 109 (26), 1367.
- ↑ Jahn, U. (2010). Youth workshops in the GDR. State Commissioner of the Free State of Thuringia for the records of the State Security Service of the former GDR.
- ↑ Krausz, D. (2009). The re-education of difficult to educate and criminal youth in the youth work yards of the GDR: Methods of an educational dictatorship. Diploma thesis agency.