Kyo-hwa-so

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Korean spelling
Korean alphabet : 교화소
Hanja : 敎 化 所
Revised Romanization : Gyohwaso
McCune-Reischauer : Kyohwaso

The Korean term Kyo-hwa-so (also spelled Kyohwaso ) stands for re-education camps within North Korea . They represent one aspect of the human rights situation in North Korea and are to be distinguished from the internment camps for political prisoners , known as Kwan-li-so .

General

The re-education camps for criminals in the conventional sense are run by the Ministry of the Interior. The transition between ordinary crimes and political crimes is fluid, as people who have made themselves unpopular in any way with the party leadership are often denounced on the basis of false accusations .

The re-education camps are mostly large prison complexes surrounded by high walls . Many inmates of the re-education camps are guilty of offenses that are also punishable in other countries around the world, but these were often committed out of economic hardship, e.g. As theft of food , smuggling or illicit trade .

Human rights violations

In the Kyo-hwa-so, human rights are not respected . The prisoners are in remand prisons by brutal torture (Lee Soon-ok z. B. always had in freezing water showered with other prisoners in Chongjin kneel, six of which did not survive) to confessions forced and short show trials to long Sentenced to prison terms. In North Korea, political crimes are very broad, they range from fleeing the republic to any disruption of the state and are severely punished. Due to poor detention conditions, hunger and torture , a large number of prisoners do not survive their sentences.

The situation of the prisoners hardly differs from that in the camps for political prisoners. They have to do hard slave labor in the prison's own workshops and if they do not meet the requirements, they are tortured and (at least in the Kae'chŏn re-education camp ) locked in a punishment cell that is so small that they can neither stand nor lie stretched out. One difference to the internment camps is that the prisoners are given ideological instruction after work. B. Learning the speeches of Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il by heart and having to undergo rituals of criticism and self-criticism .

Data

Kyo-hwa-so (North Korea)
Chŏn'gŏri
Chŏn'gŏri
Sinŭiju
Sinŭiju
Kangdong
Kangdong
Tanch'on
Tanch'on
Oro
Oro
Hoeryŏng
Hoeryŏng
Yŏngdam
Yŏngdam
Re-education camps in North Korea
(8 of a total of approx. 15-20)

Number and location

There are currently around 15-20 Kyo-hwa-so in North Korea. There are testimonies from former prisoners about some re-education camps. In contrast to the internment camps, the re-education camps are not limited to the center and north-east of the country (see map).

List of Kyo-hwa-so

Warehouse, number Province, city Prisoners Remarks
Chŏn'gŏri , no.12 Hamgyŏng-pukto 2000
Hoeryŏng Hamgyŏng-pukto 1500 to be distinguished from the Hoery Hong concentration camp
Kae'chŏn , No. 1 P'yŏngan-namdo 6000 to be distinguished from the internment camp Kaech'ŏn
Kangdong , No. 4 Pyongyang 7000
Oro , No. 22 Hamgyŏng-namdo 1000
Sinŭiju , No. 3 P'yŏngan-pukto 2500
Tanch'ŏn , No. 77 Hamgyŏng-namdo 6000
Yŏngdam , No. 8 Kangwon-do 3000

According to Amnesty International , the internment camps continue to expand under Kim Jong-un's government .

Former prisoners

A former inmate of the Kae'chŏn re-education camp is the South Korean human rights activist Lee Soon-ok .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ United States Senate Hearings: Testimony of Ms. Soon Ok Lee, June 21, 2002 ( Memento of December 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ North Korea's Penal Code, Crimes Against the State. (PDF; 59 kB) (No longer available online.) Amnesty International Coordination Group on Korea, archived from the original on April 13, 2012 ; Retrieved September 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.amnesty-korea.de
  3. ↑ Daily NK : Brutality beyond belief: Crimes against humanity in North Korea ( Memento of the original from July 24, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dailynk.com
  4. ↑ United States Senate Hearings: Testimony of Ms. Soon Ok Lee, June 21, 2002. United States Senate Judicial Committee, archived from original on December 24, 2013 ; accessed on September 21, 2011 .
  5. ↑ The Hidden Gulag (2003 Edition) - Map: Selected North Korean Prison Camp Locations, page 89. (PDF; 4.6 MB) The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, accessed on September 21, 2012 (English).
  6. ↑ Daily NK : Prison Tales series by Lee Jun Ha ( Memento of the original from September 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dailynk.com
  7. ^ The Hidden Gulag - Part Three: The Kyo-hwa-so Long-Term Prison-Labor Facilities (pp. 82-110). (PDF; 5.5 MB) The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, accessed on September 21, 2012 .
  8. ↑ NEW SATELLITE IMAGES PROVIDE: PENALTY CAMPS ARE EXPANDED , amnesty.ch, December 5, 2013
  9. ↑ Article “The North Korean Gulag” ( Memento of the original from March 31, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Süddeutsche Zeitung , June 12, 2009 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sueddeutsche.de

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